{"id":8806,"date":"2021-08-23T11:00:04","date_gmt":"2021-08-23T09:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=8806"},"modified":"2021-08-27T15:41:23","modified_gmt":"2021-08-27T13:41:23","slug":"japan-study-nematodes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/japan-study-nematodes\/","title":{"rendered":"In Japan a DNA test unveals the secrets of soil nematodes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Nematodes are vital organisms for soil. But separating the &#8220;good guys&#8221; from the &#8220;bad guys&#8221; according to morphological criteria is nearly impossible. A novel application of genetic analysis could solve this problem. In the long run, the sequencing of all soil organisms could become possible<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Cylindrical shaped, a few millimeters in extension, nematodes are potential soil allies in some circumstances. But there&#8217;s a catch: they are almost invisible to a naked eye which makes this microscopic soil inhabitants <strong>misterious<\/strong> thus attracting the curiosity of scientists. One of them is Toshihiko Eki, professor at the Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Sciences at <strong>Toyohashi University of Technology<\/strong>, in the Japanese prefecture of Aichi. His <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0249571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent research<\/a> conducted together with a team of scholars, in particular, seems to give a huge contribution to the discovery of these leading characters for to the ecosystem. How? Thanks to <strong>DNA sequencing<\/strong>, the first step in identifying their fundamental properties. As well as for the development of <strong>advanced agricultural<\/strong> techniques.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"nMIeENt089\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/healthy-soil-human-health\/\">Microbes and biodiversity. Here&#8217;s why a healthy soil is so important for human health<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Microbes and biodiversity. Here&#8217;s why a healthy soil is so important for human health&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/healthy-soil-human-health\/embed\/#?secret=nMIeENt089\" data-secret=\"nMIeENt089\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Good or bad, nematodes are crucial anyway<\/h5>\n<p>The truth is that nematodes are often crucial, for better or worse. <a href=\"http:\/\/soilquality.org.au\/factsheets\/nematodes-nsw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">According to experts<\/a>, these tiny invertebrates eat bacteria and fungi, taking excess nutrients and releasing them into the soil thus providing <strong>benefits to plants<\/strong>. In addition they have the ability to break down organic matter. No wonder, in other words, their prominent role in the <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/fao-biodiversity-for-kids\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">precious soil microbiome<\/a> is absolutely clear. Some <strong>parasitizing species<\/strong>, however, have a tendency to attack plant roots, ultimately leading to a <a href=\"http:\/\/soilquality.org.au\/factsheets\/nematodes-nsw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">loss of soil productivity<\/a>. In conclusion, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/515787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Japanese researchers explain<\/a>, &#8220;the classification and identification of nematodes is also important from an agricultural standpoint. However, nematodes are diverse, and there are <strong>over 30,000 species<\/strong>. Additionally, because nematodes resemble one another, morphological identification of nematodes is difficult for anyone but experts.&#8221; That means, of course, that we need to take a different approach based on nothing but genetics.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3739\" style=\"width: 595px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3739\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3739\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sistema-suolo.jpg\" alt=\"Il sistema del terreno. La FAO definisce la biodiversit\u00e0 \u201ccome la variet\u00e0 della vita nel sottosuolo, dai geni e le specie alle comunit\u00e0 che essi formano, cos\u00ec come i complessi ecologici a cui contribuiscono e a cui appartengono, dai micro-habitat del suolo ai paesaggi\u201d. Fonte: FAO, State of knowledge of soil biodiversity \u2013 Status, challenges and potentialities, Summary for policy makers. Rome, FAO. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cb1929en Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)\" width=\"585\" height=\"629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sistema-suolo.jpg 585w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sistema-suolo-279x300.jpg 279w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3739\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source:\u00a0 FAO. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cb1929en Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>A barcode for nematodes<\/h5>\n<p>A key tool of the research is <strong>DNA barcoding<\/strong>, a technique which allows to associate a reference <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/medicine-and-dentistry\/nucleotide-sequence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nucleotide sequence<\/a> to distinguish different species of organisms. The method then makes it possible to replace morphological criteria with genetic ones. The identified sequence is thus transformed into an <strong>identification code<\/strong> not too different, in principle, to supermarkets protucs barcodes. Launched in 2003 by Canadian researcher Paul D. N. Herbert, the <strong>barcoding<\/strong> technique is widely used as a tool for mapping the human intestinal biome. But its applications to the analysis of soil organisms are still in the research phase.<\/p>\n<p>The Japanese team&#8217;s study focused on an uncultivated field, a copse, and a home garden growing zucchini. Researchers were able to identify plant parasitizing <strong>nematodes<\/strong> which were abundant in the copse soil and bacteria feeders (which were widespread in the garden). But also predatory nematodes and omnivorous nematodes expecially in the uncultivated field.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6FqdrwTrIa\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/edna-soil-secret\/\">eDNA discloses the secrets of soil and helps us to protect it<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;eDNA discloses the secrets of soil and helps us to protect it&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/edna-soil-secret\/embed\/#?secret=6FqdrwTrIa\" data-secret=\"6FqdrwTrIa\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A wider analysis for more efficient agriculture<\/h5>\n<p>Through sequencing, says research coordinator <strong>Toshihiko Eki<\/strong>, &#8220;we were able to clarify characteristics of nematode communities representing the three ecologically different soil environments according to expectations.&#8221; Further development of the method, the researchers say, should open the way to comprehensive analysis of <strong>all soil organisms<\/strong>. Removing the need to initially isolate each individual species. In the future, the authors hope to &#8220;precisely analyze how communities of soil-dwelling organisms including <strong>microbes<\/strong> change with <strong>crop<\/strong> <strong>growth<\/strong>, clarify the effects that cultivated plants have on these organisms, and investigate biota closely related to plant diseases.&#8221; The ultimate goal is to develop the most suitable culture methods based on the <strong>biological data<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Genetic testing also works with nematodes, which are crucial for ecosystem. A new study from offers new perspectives for the study of soil<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8809,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,134],"tags":[190,201,153,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-8806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation-technology","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-asia-en","tag-best-practice-en","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Soil nematodes under scrutiny as DNA separates good guys from bad ones<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Genetic testing also works with nematodes, which are crucial for ecosystem. 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A new study from offers new perspectives for the study of soil\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/japan-study-nematodes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Re Soil Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/resoilfoundation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-08-23T09:00:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-08-27T13:41:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/nematodi-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"580\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Matteo Cavallito\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe\"},\"headline\":\"In Japan a DNA test unveals the secrets of soil nematodes\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-23T09:00:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-27T13:41:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":630,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/nematodi-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"agriculture\",\"Asia\",\"best practice\",\"organic matter\",\"research\",\"soil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation &amp; Technology\",\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/\",\"name\":\"Soil nematodes under scrutiny as DNA separates good guys from bad ones\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/japan-study-nematodes\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/08\\\/nematodi-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-08-23T09:00:04+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-08-27T13:41:23+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe\"},\"description\":\"Genetic testing also works with nematodes, which are crucial for ecosystem. 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