{"id":44776,"date":"2026-11-02T11:00:17","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=44776"},"modified":"2026-10-21T21:58:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T19:58:38","slug":"grassland-diversity-co2-uptake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/grassland-diversity-co2-uptake\/","title":{"rendered":"In grasslands lower plant diversity means less CO\u2082 uptake"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>By 2050, meadows and pastures with lower plant diversity could absorb around 15% less CO\u2082 than those that retain it. With implications for livestock farming and soils<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p><strong>Plant diversity<\/strong> helps meadows and pastures adapt to climate change: when changing conditions put dominant plants under stress, others can grow in their place and help maintain biomass production. The loss of this diversity reduces grasslands\u2019 ability to adapt, with consequences for CO\u2082 uptake through photosynthesis, forage availability and soil carbon stocks. These findings come from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2528067123\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by the <strong>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)<\/strong> and <strong>Kiel University<\/strong>, published in <em>P<\/em><em>roceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/em> (<em>PNAS<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cClimate change could reduce the productivity of plants that at the moment dominate pastures and meadows. But if plant diversity is maintained, other plants that cope better with climate impacts have the chance to become more prominent and stem the decline\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pik-potsdam.de\/en\/news\/latest-news\/plant-diversity-as-insurance-against-climate-change-loss-of-diversity-in-grasslands-could-lead-to-15-percent-less-co2-uptake-in-2050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explained<\/a> <strong>Stephen Wirth<\/strong>, a PIK researcher and lead author of the study, in a statement.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"r1gJkseHLf\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/un-half-rangelands-degraded\/\">&#8220;Half of the Planet&#8217;s rangelands are degraded,&#8221; UN says<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c\u201cHalf of the Planet\u2019s rangelands are degraded,\u201d UN says\u201d \u2014 Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/un-half-rangelands-degraded\/embed\/#?secret=DMNyQrXOJc#?secret=r1gJkseHLf\" data-secret=\"r1gJkseHLf\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Different plant strategies help grasslands adapt<\/h5>\n<p>Permanent meadows and <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/cattle-pastures-trees-biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pastures<\/a> cover <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-025-02955-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around a quarter<\/a> of the world&#8217;s ice-free land and provide ecosystem services that support the livelihoods of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/experimental-agriculture\/article\/abs\/grasslands-of-the-world-edited-by-j-m-suttie-s-g-reynolds-and-c-batello-rome-food-and-agriculture-organization-of-the-united-nations-2005-pp-514-us4800-paperback-isbn-9251053375\/DBD2439D5077B15829B432CE5DDCDB91?utm_campaign=shareaholic&amp;utm_medium=copy_link&amp;utm_source=bookmark\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">at least one billion people<\/a>. Their functioning also depends on <strong>functional diversity<\/strong>, meaning the variety of plants\u2019 traits and ecological strategies. \u201cThis \u2018functional diversity\u2019 influences their productivity as well as resistance and resilience against climate change\u201d, the authors write.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>To investigate its role on a global scale, the scientists used a <strong>vegetation model<\/strong> called <a href=\"https:\/\/bg.copernicus.org\/articles\/21\/381\/2024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LPJmL-CSR<\/a>, which simulates vegetation growth and <strong>competition between plants<\/strong> with different ecological strategies.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Specifically, the researchers distinguished between competitive species, stress-tolerant species and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ruderal_species\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruderal species<\/a>, which can grow rapidly during favourable periods between disturbances. They then compared <strong>two scenarios<\/strong>: in the first, existing functional types are retained and new ones can establish; in the second, non-dominant types are removed and no new types are allowed to establish. The latter scenario allows the researchers to explore the consequences of biodiversity loss.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"n5xT2PWvkJ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/drought-biodiversity-grasslands-forests\/\">Extreme drought: biodiversity helps grasslands, but not forests<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cExtreme drought: biodiversity helps grasslands, but not forests\u201d \u2014 Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/drought-biodiversity-grasslands-forests\/embed\/#?secret=Spa2oEBBFz#?secret=n5xT2PWvkJ\" data-secret=\"n5xT2PWvkJ\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Photosynthetic carbon uptake could be 15% lower by mid-century<\/h5>\n<p>The simulations use projections from five climate models and two warming scenarios: below 2 \u00b0C and around 4 \u00b0C. In both, maintaining diversity provides an overall benefit. \u201cStrong loss of functional diversity prohibits communities\u2019 adaptation to climate change, resulting in <strong>loss of gross primary productivity <\/strong>(the amount of carbon produced by photosynthesis, ed.) and <strong>soil organic carbon<\/strong>\u201d, the study explains.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pik-potsdam.de\/en\/news\/latest-news\/plant-diversity-as-insurance-against-climate-change-loss-of-diversity-in-grasslands-could-lead-to-15-percent-less-co2-uptake-in-2050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates<\/a>, a substantial loss of diversity by <strong>2050<\/strong> could result in <strong>15% lower<\/strong> <strong>CO\u2082 uptake through photosynthesis <\/strong>compared with a scenario in which plant diversity is maintained.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In the scenario with warming below 2 \u00b0C, the difference would amount to around <strong>11 billion tonnes of CO\u2082 per year<\/strong>. In some of the most affected tropical and subtropical regions, the gap could reach 50%.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_44773\" style=\"width: 2111px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44773\" class=\"size-full wp-image-44773\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100.jpg\" alt=\"Global distribution of GPP and SOC dependent on functional diversity. Left panels show GPP and right panels show SOC. Panels show the average GPP and SOC for FD+ (A,B), FD\u2212 (C,D), and their difference (E,F), i.e., the net effect of higher functional diversity. All distributions show the 2091 to 2100 average of the respective output variable simulated using climate data from the MRI-ESM2-0. Source: Wirth et al., \u201cGlobal grassland productivity and carbon storage benefit from functional diversity under climate change\u201d (2026), PNAS. License: CC BY 4.0.\" width=\"2101\" height=\"1567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100.jpg 2101w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100-1030x768.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100-768x573.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100-1536x1146.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100-2048x1527.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100-1500x1119.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mappa-2091\u20132100-705x526.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2101px) 100vw, 2101px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-44773\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global distribution of GPP and SOC dependent on functional diversity. Left panels show GPP and right panels show SOC. Panels show the average GPP and SOC for FD+ (A,B), FD\u2212 (C,D), and their difference (E,F), i.e., the net effect of higher functional diversity. All distributions show the 2091 to 2100 average of the respective output variable simulated using climate data from the MRI-ESM2-0. Source: Wirth et al., \u201cGlobal grassland productivity and carbon storage benefit from functional diversity under climate change\u201d (2026), PNAS. License: CC BY 4.0.<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>Less plant material entering the soil<\/h5>\n<p>Lower productivity also affects the <strong>soil<\/strong>. Through tissue turnover, plants transfer <strong>organic matter to litter and soil<\/strong>, and a reduction in these inputs has important consequences. \u201cThe loss of soil organic carbon storage that goes hand in hand with functional diversity loss reduces the terrestrial carbon sink, negatively affecting the remaining carbon budget\u201d, the researchers note.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Average projections for the period <strong>2091\u20132100<\/strong> show <strong>substantial regional differences<\/strong>: in some parts of Africa north and south of the equator, for example, the remaining plants can compensate for the loss of others, and photosynthetic productivity may even increase.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>At the <strong>global<\/strong> scale, however, the benefits of diversity prevail. Soil carbon estimates should nevertheless be treated with caution: the values come from the model, which also accounts for the amount of plant residues entering the soil, and have not been directly validated against observational data.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"M4efnpCK7h\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/ending-grazing-stable-carbon-grasslands\/\">Ending grazing reduces stable carbon levels in grasslands<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cEnding grazing reduces stable carbon levels in grasslands\u201d \u2014 Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/ending-grazing-stable-carbon-grasslands\/embed\/#?secret=8En3pdjiGj#?secret=M4efnpCK7h\" data-secret=\"M4efnpCK7h\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A capacity worth preserving<\/h5>\n<p>The study therefore offers useful insights for managing meadows and pastures. As the authors point out, the model simplifies some ecological processes, including the effects of drought and how new plants become established. These approximations should also be taken into account when interpreting the results. The central message, however, is clear: <strong>maintaining plant diversity<\/strong> while preventing <strong>overgrazing<\/strong> remains essential.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur findings underpin the need for development and application of grassland management practices that support functional diversity\u201d, the researchers conclude. Protecting this variety means <strong>preserving more ways for grasslands to adapt to climate change<\/strong>, while also supporting forage availability and the livelihoods of communities that depend on livestock grazing.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By 2050, meadows and pastures with lower plant diversity could absorb around 15% less CO\u2082 than those that retain it. With implications for livestock farming and soils<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":44777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[200,301,98,258,302,335,247,188],"class_list":["post-44776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-biodiversity","tag-carbon-2-en","tag-carbonio","tag-carbonio-en","tag-climate-2-en","tag-ecosistemi-en","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>In grasslands lower plant diversity means less CO\u2082 uptake<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The functioning of meadows and pastures also depends on the diversity of plants\u2019 functional traits and ecological strategies\" \/>\n<meta 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The functioning of meadows and pastures also depends on the diversity of plants\u2019 functional traits and ecological strategies. 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