{"id":42770,"date":"2026-03-30T11:00:13","date_gmt":"2026-03-30T09:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=42770"},"modified":"2026-03-26T18:00:44","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T17:00:44","slug":"climate-change-soil-fungi-plants-alliance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/climate-change-soil-fungi-plants-alliance\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate change is disrupting the symbiotic relationship between plants and soil fungi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A thirty-year experiment in the US shows how rising temperatures are transforming ecosystems internally: the abundance of fungi that are useful to plants is declining, while decomposers are increasing. As a result, soil ecological stability is being disrupted<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>It only takes a few decades of higher temperatures to alter the <strong>relationship between plants and microbial systems<\/strong>, thereby disrupting carbon and nutrient cycles. <strong>Fungi<\/strong> in particular are deeply affected, as their population composition changes, with significant consequences for the soil. This is according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2510936123\">study<\/a> published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHidden mycorrhizal fungi below ground are much more vulnerable to warming winters than we expected before,\u201d<strong> Stephanie Kivlin<\/strong>, a professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Tennessee and co-author of the study, explained in a <a href=\"https:\/\/artsci.utk.edu\/research-shows-warming-impact-on-soil-ecosystem\/\">statement<\/a>. \u201cThe timing of their growth is disrupted by warmer winters, and <strong>they can\u2019t form the beneficial symbioses<\/strong> that currently occur. We now have evidence that the mycorrhizal fungi never recover from warmer winters and will decline in many temperate ecosystems.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"rd70T7mMuJ\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microplastics-fungi-soil-drought\/\">Microplastics affect soil fungi according to drought conditions<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Microplastics affect soil fungi according to drought conditions&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microplastics-fungi-soil-drought\/embed\/#?secret=WkJsFw0RW2#?secret=rd70T7mMuJ\" data-secret=\"rd70T7mMuJ\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5><strong>Climate impacts plant-microbe interactions<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Assessing the consequences of climate change on soil remains complex. \u201cClimate forecasts project rising temperatures for every land surface on Earth,\u201d the researchers note. Moreover, they add, \u201cshifts in plant\u2013microbial interactions can lead to <strong>significant changes<\/strong> in <strong>ecosystem-level<\/strong> functioning.\u201d To understand these effects, the authors examined changes occurring in a field at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, Colorado, by simulating warming conditions.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The result was a shift in the environment, which turned <strong>from alpine grassland<\/strong> into a drier <strong>shrubland<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cWhat is really exciting about these findings is that they demonstrate that not only do plant communities shift, which has been documented before, but the soils that are associated with these communities can also change,\u201d explained <strong>Lara Souza<\/strong>, a professor at the University of Oklahoma\u2019s School of Biological Sciences and lead author of the study. \u201cThe changes we\u2019re seeing below ground are driven by the changes in the plants.\u201d In this new equilibrium, in fact, <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/database-spores-fungi-soil\/\">mycorrhizal<\/a> fungi decline, while <strong>decomposer fungi<\/strong> increase, deeply altering natural cycles.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"p4qSBbHHdh\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-carbon-forest\/\">This is how fungi regulate the carbon cycle in forests<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;This is how fungi regulate the carbon cycle in forests&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-carbon-forest\/embed\/#?secret=yrx67ON7Ko#?secret=p4qSBbHHdh\" data-secret=\"p4qSBbHHdh\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5><strong>Mycorrhizal fungi declined by 20%<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Data show remarkable structural changes. \u201cWarming caused a transition from herbaceous to woody-dominated vegetation, with <strong>shrubs increasing by 150%<\/strong> in warmed plots and a concurrent <strong>~28% decrease<\/strong> in both <strong>forbs and grasses<\/strong>,\u201d the study states. \u201cThis shift was accompanied by functional traits changing by 20% toward more conservative values relative to acquisitive ones.\u201d In addition, interactions between vegetation and microorganisms decreased.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cConsequently, plant\u2013symbiont associations decreased with root-associated fungi\u2014<strong>arbuscular mycorrhizal<\/strong> fungal and <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypha\">septate<\/a> root colonization\u2014both <strong>declining by 17 to 20%<\/strong> under warming\u201d the study says. \u201cIn turn, soil <strong>saprotrophic fungi<\/strong> increased <strong>by 10%<\/strong> with warming.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Thanks to its long duration, the experiment conducted in Colorado is the first to demonstrate just how vulnerable the bonds between the components of ecological communities ultimately are to environmental changes. Mycorrhizal fungi, which are essential for plant health, are simply unable to adapt to climate change, with potentially long-lasting consequences for ecosystems.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PPeF40YKoK\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-contaminated-soil\/\">Oil-eating mushrooms bring contaminated soil back to life<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Oil-eating mushrooms bring contaminated soil back to life&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-contaminated-soil\/embed\/#?secret=5OhH4HLwgw#?secret=PPeF40YKoK\" data-secret=\"PPeF40YKoK\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5><strong>The consequences of decoupling<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>What emerges, therefore, is a <strong>decoupling<\/strong> between the <strong>functions of plants and those provided by microorganisms<\/strong>. \u201cStrikingly, warming decoupled above- and belowground communities and their functions,\u201d the study explains. \u201cThis decoupling was evident as plant\u2013available phosphorus increased and both individual plants and plant communities reduced their reliance on mycorrhizal fungi, while plant connectedness to decomposer fungi tightened.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>This phenomenon has deep implications: in addition to causing significant changes at the ecosystem level, warming also causes <strong>a shift in biological timing<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>With the early melting of snow, fungi develop before plants, absorbing <strong>nutrients from the soil<\/strong> without subsequently being able to transfer them. These nutrients are thus lost through <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leaching_(chemistry)\">leaching<\/a> before vegetation can utilize them. This results in limited plant growth, with significant effects on productivity, nutrient cycles, and ecosystem services.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A thirty-year experiment in the US shows how rising temperatures are transforming ecosystems internally: the abundance of fungi that are useful to plants is declining, while decomposers are increasing. As a result, soil ecological stability is being disrupted<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":42731,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[200,220,301,98,187,302,222,204,303,247,188,322],"class_list":["post-42770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-biodiversity","tag-carbon","tag-carbon-2-en","tag-carbonio","tag-climate","tag-climate-2-en","tag-desertification","tag-ecosystems","tag-ecosystems-2-en","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research","tag-suolo-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Climate change is disrupting the alliance between plants and fungi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il \u201cdisaccoppiamento\u201d tra piante e funghi riduce la 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