{"id":42315,"date":"2026-02-13T11:00:27","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T10:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=42315"},"modified":"2026-02-12T17:41:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-12T16:41:37","slug":"microbes-soil-carbon-cycle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-carbon-cycle\/","title":{"rendered":"The connection between microbes and carbon cycle is more complicated than expected"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>In some circumstances, a new study explains, microbial respiration, with the resulting release of carbon, can increase even when biomass production remains constant. A factor that must be included in climate projection models<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>Soil <strong>microbes<\/strong> are known to play a key role in regulating the <strong>carbon cycle<\/strong>. However, the dynamics that influence the respiration of microorganisms on the one hand and the soil&#8217;s ability to store carbon on the other are not yet fully understood. As a result, some of the most established hypotheses explaining these mechanisms may now <strong>be called into question<\/strong> by a new interpretation.<\/p>\n<p>This has been proposed in recent weeks by researchers at the Institute of Earth Environmental Sciences of the<strong> Chinese Academy of Sciences<\/strong> who, in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adz5319\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> published in Science Advances, offer a new perspective on climate change projection models. This overturns previous hypotheses on the relationship between respiration and carbon sequestration.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"uKYAzhFKJo\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/usa-microbiome-dna-soil\/\">US soil microbiome under investigation by researchers<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;US soil microbiome under investigation by researchers&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/usa-microbiome-dna-soil\/embed\/#?secret=uGyxjguvwm#?secret=uKYAzhFKJo\" data-secret=\"uKYAzhFKJo\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A link between efficiency, storage, and respiration<\/h5>\n<p>Influence of microorganisms on carbon cycle in soil can be understood by considering two essential values: the <strong>heterotrophic respiration rate (Rh)<\/strong> and the <strong>microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE)<\/strong>. The first value measures the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere when microbes degrade plant material. The second measures the efficiency with which microorganisms convert absorbed organic carbon into their own biomass instead of releasing it in the form of carbon dioxide. These aspects, of course, are closely related.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>To put it simply, when <strong>use efficiency is high<\/strong>, more carbon is fixed in biomass and, subsequently, in the <strong>soil<\/strong>. When it&#8217;s <strong>low<\/strong>, in contrast, most part of the element is <strong>released<\/strong> through microbes respiration.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Scientists, a <a href=\"https:\/\/english.cas.cn\/newsroom\/research_news\/earth\/202601\/t20260119_1145829.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> points out, have traditionally assumed that CUE <strong>decreases linearly<\/strong> with increasing Rh in all ecosystems. The latest study, however, has shown that the relationship between the two variables <strong>is not actually uniform<\/strong>. Instead, it varies non-linearly with ecosystem productivity.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"yPSWEhETBV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-microbes-impact-research\/\">Here is how we can predict the impact of climate on soil microbes<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Here is how we can predict the impact of climate on soil microbes&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-microbes-impact-research\/embed\/#?secret=te2epH4d3a#?secret=yPSWEhETBV\" data-secret=\"yPSWEhETBV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A decoupling between efficiency and respiration<\/h5>\n<p>\u201cWhen the total microbial carbon uptake remains constant, higher assimilation for growth combined with lower heterotrophic respiration indicates more efficient biomass production, which enhances soil organic carbon retention\u201d the study explains. Under <strong>changing environmental conditions<\/strong>, however, microbial growth efficiency <strong>is more stable<\/strong> than respiration levels. Furthermore, additional assessments suggest that warming accelerates respiration itself but does not have a clear or consistent effect on increasing microorganism biomass.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThese differential responses,\u201d the research continues, \u201c<strong>imply a decoupling<\/strong> between microbial carbon assimilation efficiency, commonly described as use efficiency and heterotrophic respiration under specific environmental constraints.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>This decoupling \u201cchallenges the long-held assumption that CUE uniformly declines with increasing Rh.\u201d Moreover \u201cIt may also represent a key source of uncertainty in linking CUE to soil C storage and dynamics.\u201d The study made it possible for the first time to empirically test this phenomenon by highlighting the mechanisms that regulate it.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"YyLFCeqqft\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/deforestation-southeast-asia-carbon\/\">Deforestation has made Southeast Asia a net source of carbon<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Deforestation has made Southeast Asia a net source of carbon&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/deforestation-southeast-asia-carbon\/embed\/#?secret=IKOrKP9KvU#?secret=YyLFCeqqft\" data-secret=\"YyLFCeqqft\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Initial empirical confirmation from the study<\/h5>\n<p>The research team used a total of <strong>1,094 paired observations<\/strong> from a range of <strong>global natural ecosystems<\/strong>, which revealed distinct patterns in different zones. In low-productivity regions, such as arid and cold areas, for example, CUE decreased as Rh increased, in line with the traditional hypothesis.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In high-productivity areas, such as <strong>tropical and temperate ecosystems<\/strong>, on the contrary, carbon use efficiency decoupled from respiration rate once the latter exceeded a critical <strong>threshold<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>According to the authors, in particular, under conditions of limited availability of nutrients such as <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/nitrogen-carbon-tropical-forest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nitrogen<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/biodiversity-plants-microorganisms-phosphorus-soil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">phosphorus<\/a>, microorganisms can sustain growth by investing in the production of <strong>energy-intensive<\/strong> enzymes and efficient nutrient recycling. These dynamics affect the carbon cycle.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"wIzB4jAk6D\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/permafrost-microbes-climate-change\/\">Permafrost microbes may further accelerate climate change<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Permafrost microbes may further accelerate climate change&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/permafrost-microbes-climate-change\/embed\/#?secret=UfgCsorRUy#?secret=wIzB4jAk6D\" data-secret=\"wIzB4jAk6D\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Stabilization at 27%<\/h5>\n<p>Specifically, when the heterotrophic respiration rate exceeds approximately <strong>340 grams of carbon<\/strong> per square meter per year, the research explains, the efficiency of microbial carbon use stops decreasing according to the traditional pattern and stabilizes around an average value of approximately 0.27. In other words, this means that further increases in respiration intensity are not associated with a significant reduction in the proportion of assimilated organic carbon converted into new microbial biomass, which remains<strong> on average around 27%<\/strong> of the total, while the remaining 73% is mainly returned to the atmosphere in the form of CO\u2082.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The mechanism also explains why vegetation <strong>greening<\/strong> can accelerate carbon loss in the soil, while<strong> nutrient input<\/strong> can improve carbon sequestration.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The study&#8217;s conclusions have important implications, suggesting the need to update predictive models to improve the accuracy of <strong>climate projections<\/strong>. The research&#8217;s findings, in fact, \u201cimply a limited potential for natural ecosystems to serve as effective soil carbon sinks under global change (e.g., vegetation greening).\u201d Therefore, they also emphasize \u201cthe importance of <strong>incorporating microbial metabolic adaptability<\/strong> into future mechanistic assessments of soil carbon dynamics.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In some circumstances, a new study explains, microbial respiration, with the resulting release of carbon, can increase even when biomass production remains constant. A factor that must be included in climate projection models<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":42319,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[220,301,302,187,303,204,188,322],"class_list":["post-42315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-carbon","tag-carbon-2-en","tag-climate-2-en","tag-climate","tag-ecosystems-2-en","tag-ecosystems","tag-research","tag-suolo-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The complicated connection between microbes and carbon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Determinanti le strategie di adattamento che privilegiano l&#039;acquisizione di nutrienti rispetto al carbonio quando le risorse sono scarse\" \/>\n<meta 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