{"id":41836,"date":"2026-01-02T11:00:19","date_gmt":"2026-01-02T10:00:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=41836"},"modified":"2025-12-17T13:19:11","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T12:19:11","slug":"moisture-global-soil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/moisture-global-soil\/","title":{"rendered":"Measuring global soil moisture is more difficult than expected"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A Chinese study has proposed a new double validation method to compare humidity data from nearly a thousand stations. Highlighting and solving typical spatial representativeness errors<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>Soil moisture is a <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/soil-moisture-droughts-floods\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">key indicator<\/a> for understanding and predicting the dynamics affecting land and the environment. Measuring its level correctly is therefore essential for aspects such as disaster management and agricultural planning. However, the proliferation of <strong>data collected by satellites<\/strong>, land surface models, and other analysis systems would produce contradictory signals about moisture and drought trends. This is especially true in arid regions where water resources are scarce.<\/p>\n<p>This is according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2095927325011053\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by the <strong>Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography<\/strong> published in the journal Science Bulletin. In particular, the authors emphasized the importance of <strong>selecting appropriate data<\/strong>. Thus highlighting common errors and outlining long-term trends.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VetvSetTX5\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-moisture-space-nasa\/\">NASA will monitor soil moisture on Earth&#8217;s surface<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;NASA will monitor soil moisture on Earth&#8217;s surface&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-moisture-space-nasa\/embed\/#?secret=KMKLUosdn7#?secret=VetvSetTX5\" data-secret=\"VetvSetTX5\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Monitoring systems<\/h5>\n<p>Modern soil moisture monitoring systems are based on <strong>three complementary approaches<\/strong>: ground <strong>sensors<\/strong>, which are accurate but not very representative due to the high heterogeneity of the soil; the <strong>International Soil Moisture Network<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/ismn.earth\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ISMN<\/a>), which has been collecting data from around 80 global networks since 2010; and finally <strong>drones<\/strong>, which should ideally be positioned \u2018in between\u2019, bridging the gap between the two systems. However, the research notes that, while acting as a link between in situ and satellite measurements, they are limited by several factors such as flight autonomy and regulatory restrictions.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Alongside these three approaches are <strong>three strategies for obtaining global estimates<\/strong>: land surface models (<strong>LSMs<\/strong>), <strong>reanalysis<\/strong> products, and microwave <strong>remote sensing<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>LSMs simulate soil hydrological processes across multiple layers, while reanalyses combine observations and models to ensure spatiotemporal continuity. Microwave satellites provide frequent data on surface moisture. However, all these systems have <strong>technical and application limitations<\/strong>. Studies have been conducted to analyze the consistency and performance of global datasets. But their validation has been limited to individual regions, ecosystems, or short periods. The Chinese study therefore aims to overcome the various limitations that have emerged.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ELrayRQuwD\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-moisture-climate-change\/\">Soil moisture rises despite climate change<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Soil moisture rises despite climate change&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-moisture-climate-change\/embed\/#?secret=Y53LBXnRqi#?secret=ELrayRQuwD\" data-secret=\"ELrayRQuwD\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The study<\/h5>\n<p>\u201cMulti-source datasets <strong>show spatiotemporal inconsistencies<\/strong> and uncertain regional applicability due to algorithmic and observational limitations,\u201d explains the research. This results in three main challenges: understanding discrepancies in long-term trends between data sets, expanding global multi-climate and multi-ecosystem comparisons, and clarifying sources of error in complex environments. The study addresses these critical issues by <strong>systematically evaluating 23 global soil moisture datasets<\/strong> over a very long period: 1980\u20132023.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>It does so, says a <a href=\"https:\/\/english.cas.cn\/print_2019\/index.shtml?docurl=https:\/\/english.cas.cn\/newsroom\/research_news\/earth\/202512\/t20251202_1134372.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a>, by implementing \u201c<strong>an innovative dual-validation framework<\/strong>, comparing data from 992 stations in the International Soil Moisture Network and a filtered subset of 483 <strong>highly representative<\/strong> stations to quantify the impact of spatial heterogeneity.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The results revealed sharply divergent trends in global soil moisture dynamics. \u201cWhile a <strong>slight drying trend<\/strong> dominated the long-term period (1980\u20132023),&#8221; the study says, \u201ca significant number of datasets indicated a shift <strong>towards wetting<\/strong> after 2010.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_41806\" style=\"width: 2570px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-41806\" class=\"size-full wp-image-41806\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"Distribuzione globale del contenuto medio annuo di umidit\u00e0 del suolo superficiale ricavato da 23 serie di dati (1980-2023) e relative medie annuali ponderate per area. Fonte: Ziyang Zhu et al., &quot;Global soil moisture dynamics since 1980: datasets biases, trends, and science-informed selection&quot;, Science Bulletin, 2025, ISSN 2095-9273, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2025.10.046 Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0 Deed\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1240\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-300x145.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-1030x499.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-768x372.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-1536x744.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-2048x992.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-1500x727.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/distribuzione-705x341.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-41806\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global distribution of the average annual surface soil moisture content derived from 23 data sets (1980\u20132023) and corresponding area-weighted annual averages. Source: Ziyang Zhu et al., <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scib.2025.10.046\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;Global soil moisture dynamics since 1980: datasets biases, trends, and science-informed selection&#8221;<\/a>, Science Bulletin, 2025, ISSN 2095-9273, Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0 Deed<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>Moisture data are consistent with geography<\/h5>\n<p>The system used produced <strong>consistent data<\/strong>. Among the various datasets analyzed, the highest values for the annual average soil moisture content are concentrated in equatorial regions, coastal areas, near lakes, and in rainforests, where rainfall is more frequent. Arid regions and some high-altitude areas, on the other hand, have low moisture content. Which is associated with low rainfall and high evaporation.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Areas with high values <strong>mainly coincide with tropical forests <\/strong>and humid regions at <strong>high latitudes<\/strong> in the northern hemisphere.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Here, \u201cthe elevated moisture levels in these regions are <strong>closely linked to abundant precipitation<\/strong>, low evaporation, and in the case of the northern zones, the presence of <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/permafrost-erosion-co2-oceans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permafrost<\/a> , which remains (nearly) saturated all year round.\u201d The lowest values are found in arid and continental climates, while <strong>semi-humid regions<\/strong> at mid-latitudes show strong spatial variability. This is due to seasonal rainfall, human activity, and differences in soil types.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"WFz75MnWaC\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-green-arid-wet\/\">Greener but less wet: a Chinese study reveals the global soil paradox<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Greener but less wet: a Chinese study reveals the global soil paradox&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-green-arid-wet\/embed\/#?secret=aaNiJx3ZXN#?secret=WFz75MnWaC\" data-secret=\"WFz75MnWaC\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5>Beware of errors<\/h5>\n<p>In addition to defining the general trend, the study makes an important contribution by highlighting <strong>one of the most common mistakes <\/strong>that can arise in measurements. That is the <strong>spatial representativeness error<\/strong>. This, they explain, is the \u201cdiscrepancy between a single spot measured on the ground and the vast area observed by satellites (that) can inaccurately mask the true quality of the data.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>By reducing the <strong>heterogeneity of land cover<\/strong> at validation sites, they continue, performance metrics can <strong>improve significantly<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In general, the study highlights the need to apply new-generation models and products based on different indicators and capable of adapting to the climate and ecosystem context. \u201cOur analysis shows that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to data selection,\u201d said <strong>Zhu Ziyang<\/strong>, lead author of the study. \u201cBy comparing the strengths and weaknesses of different data products, we can significantly enhance the reliability of our research.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Chinese study has proposed a new double validation method to compare humidity data from nearly a thousand stations. Highlighting and solving typical spatial representativeness errors<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":41838,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,152,134],"tags":[320,187,247,188,322],"class_list":["post-41836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-innovation-technology","category-articles","tag-agricoltura-en","tag-climate","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research","tag-suolo-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Measuring global soil moisture is more difficult than expected - Re Soil Foundation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The results revealed divergent trends: soil moisture decreased in the long term, but the trend reversed after 2010\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/moisture-global-soil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Measuring global soil moisture is more difficult than expected - Re Soil Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The results revealed divergent trends: soil moisture decreased in the long term, but the trend reversed after 2010\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/moisture-global-soil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Re Soil Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/resoilfoundation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-02T10:00:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/suolo-umidita.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1338\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"884\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/moisture-global-soil\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/moisture-global-soil\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Matteo Cavallito\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe\"},\"headline\":\"Measuring global soil moisture is more difficult than expected\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-02T10:00:19+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/moisture-global-soil\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":842,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/moisture-global-soil\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/01\\\/suolo-umidita.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"agricoltura\",\"climate\",\"monitoraggio\",\"research\",\"suolo\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Environment\",\"Innovation &amp; 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