{"id":40485,"date":"2025-09-01T14:57:31","date_gmt":"2025-09-01T12:57:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=40485"},"modified":"2025-09-02T11:11:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-02T09:11:04","slug":"microbes-soil-oil-contamination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>An international study has revealed how microbes can act as markers to distinguish between recent and ancient oil pollution. This overcomes the limitations of traditional chemical analysis<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The remediation of <strong>oil-contaminated<\/strong> soil requires extensive preliminary analysis. In order to perform a field intervention, in other words, it is primarily required to assess the condition of the soil and estimate the time elapsed since the spill in to develop the most effective remediation strategies. Today, this activity could benefit from surprising new allies: <strong>microbes<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>This is suggested by a group of researchers from the <strong>United Kingdom<\/strong> and <strong>Nigeria<\/strong> who, in a <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/lambio\/advance-article-abstract\/doi\/10.1093\/lambio\/ovaf097\/8205562?redirectedFrom=fulltext&amp;login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> published in the journal Letters in Applied Microbiology, described an innovative molecular diagnostic tool that exploits the relationships between functional genes to assess the state and apparent age of crude oil contamination in soil.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"NzMoejOnXT\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/bacteria-cold-oil-arctic\/\">Cold-resistant bacteria can degrade oil in the Arctic<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Cold-resistant bacteria can degrade oil in the Arctic&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/bacteria-cold-oil-arctic\/embed\/#?secret=0TIDyG1X0T#?secret=NzMoejOnXT\" data-secret=\"NzMoejOnXT\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A new assessment of oil contamination<\/h5>\n<p>\u201cPetrochemical spills present a global environmental challenge, necessitating effective monitoring and remediation,\u201d the research states. The problem, however, is that the investigation methods currently in use are still based primarily on chemical analysis, which measures pollutant levels <strong>but fails to explain how microbial communities<\/strong>\u2014the main natural agents of biodegradation\u2014react over time.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>For this reason, scientists have chosen to develop a different molecular approach \u201cusing binary functional gene ratios to assess contamination levels and <strong>timelines in petrochemical-contaminated soils.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The researchers, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/1092197\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says<\/a> <strong>Aliyu Ibrahim Dabai<\/strong>, professor at Queen&#8217;s University Belfast and co-author of the study, have therefore demonstrated \u201cmicrobial gene abundance patterns, mainly the ratio of aerobic to anaerobic hydrocarbon-degrading genes, can serve as reliable biomarkers for the severity and timeline of petrochemical pollution.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"fAuDskCrEP\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/cover-crops-water-poluution\/\">Cover crops are a barrier against agriculture-based pollution<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Cover crops are a barrier against agriculture-based pollution&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/cover-crops-water-poluution\/embed\/#?secret=5Ya5zoM22d#?secret=fAuDskCrEP\" data-secret=\"fAuDskCrEP\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The study in Nigeria<\/h5>\n<p>Hydrocarbon contamination due to spills is <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-desorption\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a global environmental crisis<\/a>, with some areas being particularly affected. These include the <strong>Niger Delta<\/strong>, where decades of uncontrolled extraction, according to the authors, have seriously compromised the soil. Here, scientists collected 90 soil samples from contaminated sites in Bayelsa and Rivers states, distinguishing between recent and older pollution.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cSoils from petrochemical-contaminated sites were collected and <strong>hydrocarbon quantification<\/strong> was performed using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, against specific standards,\u201d the study explains.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The researchers then measured <strong>three key genes<\/strong> called PAH-RHD\u03b1, bamA, and 16s. The first is involved in aerobic degradation, while the second is a marker of the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Finally, the third gene is used to estimate the proportion of the microbial population carrying functional genes relative to the total. The results immediately appeared significant.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"RihwMpPx3i\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-remediation-alaska\/\">Microbes give new hope for soil remediation in Alaska<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Microbes give new hope for soil remediation in Alaska&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-remediation-alaska\/embed\/#?secret=NBp9lX5wid#?secret=RihwMpPx3i\" data-secret=\"RihwMpPx3i\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The analytical ability was \u201cunexpectedly precise\u201d<\/h5>\n<p>\u201cOur core discovery was that the ratio of PAH-RHD\u03b1 to bamA genes <strong>correlates both with pollutant concentration and the inferred age of contamination<\/strong>,\u201d explains Dabai. In newly contaminated soils, high levels of RHD\u03b1 genes and detectable traces of kerosene were found. At older sites, kerosene was absent, but anaerobic bamA markers persisted.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In summary, the lead author concludes, \u201cThe ability to distinguish old from new pollution through <strong>microbial markers<\/strong> &#8211; something that can be missed with chemical tests alone &#8211; was unexpectedly precise\u201d.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The results, the research emphasizes, have profound implications for <strong>environmental monitoring<\/strong> and remediation planning. This is especially true in contexts where oil pollution is widespread but often poorly documented. Scientists say that new studies could extend the approach in the future to a <strong>wider range of hydrocarbons<\/strong>, such as diesel and bitumen, and to different types of soil in both tropical and temperate zones.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An international study has revealed how microbes can act as markers to distinguish between recent and ancient oil pollution. This overcomes the limitations of traditional chemical analysis<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":40488,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[176,314,204,188,322],"class_list":["post-40485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-africa-en","tag-contaminazione-en","tag-ecosystems","tag-research","tag-suolo-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The study was conducted in the Niger Delta, where decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The study was conducted in the Niger Delta, where decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Re Soil Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/resoilfoundation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-01T12:57:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-02T09:11:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Matteo Cavallito\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe\"},\"headline\":\"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-01T12:57:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-02T09:11:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":595,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa\",\"contaminazione\",\"ecosystems\",\"research\",\"suolo\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Environment\",\"News\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/\",\"name\":\"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-01T12:57:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-02T09:11:04+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe\"},\"description\":\"The study was conducted in the Niger Delta, where decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"In the Niger Delta, decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil. Photo: Luka Tomac\\\/Friends of the Earth International Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic CC BY-SA 2.0 Deed\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/environment\\\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"Re Soil Foundation\",\"description\":\"Regeneration for a clean and healthy soil.\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe\",\"name\":\"Matteo Cavallito\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c7ad3564d1d468ebc05c214ebb7daa3896f03a92bba6c6d1a4125e390739f725?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c7ad3564d1d468ebc05c214ebb7daa3896f03a92bba6c6d1a4125e390739f725?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/c7ad3564d1d468ebc05c214ebb7daa3896f03a92bba6c6d1a4125e390739f725?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Matteo Cavallito\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/author\\\/matteo\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination","description":"The study was conducted in the Niger Delta, where decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination","og_description":"The study was conducted in the Niger Delta, where decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil","og_url":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/","og_site_name":"Re Soil Foundation","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/resoilfoundation\/","article_published_time":"2025-09-01T12:57:31+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-09-02T09:11:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Matteo Cavallito","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@re_soil","twitter_site":"@re_soil","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Matteo Cavallito"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/"},"author":{"name":"Matteo Cavallito","@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe"},"headline":"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination","datePublished":"2025-09-01T12:57:31+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-02T09:11:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/"},"wordCount":595,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg","keywords":["Africa","contaminazione","ecosystems","research","suolo"],"articleSection":["Environment","News"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/","url":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/","name":"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg","datePublished":"2025-09-01T12:57:31+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-02T09:11:04+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe"},"description":"The study was conducted in the Niger Delta, where decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/nigeria-contaminazione-petrolio.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"In the Niger Delta, decades of uncontrolled oil extraction have severely compromised the soil. Photo: Luka Tomac\/Friends of the Earth International Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic CC BY-SA 2.0 Deed"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microbes-soil-oil-contamination\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Soil microbes tell the story of oil contamination"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/","name":"Re Soil Foundation","description":"Regeneration for a clean and healthy soil.","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe","name":"Matteo Cavallito","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c7ad3564d1d468ebc05c214ebb7daa3896f03a92bba6c6d1a4125e390739f725?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c7ad3564d1d468ebc05c214ebb7daa3896f03a92bba6c6d1a4125e390739f725?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/c7ad3564d1d468ebc05c214ebb7daa3896f03a92bba6c6d1a4125e390739f725?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Matteo Cavallito"},"url":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/author\/matteo\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40485"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40490,"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40485\/revisions\/40490"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}