{"id":39083,"date":"2025-04-28T11:00:26","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T09:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/sete-agricoltura-usa-acqua\/"},"modified":"2025-05-02T18:18:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-02T16:18:13","slug":"us-thirst-agriculture-water","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/us-thirst-agriculture-water\/","title":{"rendered":"US agriculture pays the price of atmosphere \u201cthirst\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>An American study introduces the concept of \u201cthirstwaves.\u201d In the US they have been on the rise for at least four decades. The phenomenon occurs when evaporative demand is high and plants therefore need more water<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Heat waves impact plant and soil conditions by forcing farmers to carefully manage water resources. But such a concept, some scientists now suggest, may be <strong>overly unbalanced<\/strong> with the risk of not fully capturing the true weight of all the factors involved. To overcome this problem, therefore, we need to look to a <strong>different dimension<\/strong> that can be described by a new term: thirstwaves.<\/p>\n<p>These are \u201ca very powerful metric as well as a crucial distinction with respect to heat waves,\u201d says in a <a href=\"https:\/\/cires.colorado.edu\/news\/researchers-coin-thirstwaves-new-term-prolonged-periods-atmospheric-thirst\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news release<\/a> <strong>Mike Hobbins<\/strong>, researcher, researcher at NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado. \u201cFor decades\u201d, he says, this phenomenon has led us to think \u201cthat temperature is really the only dimension to look at for information.\u201d Whereas the reality is definitely more complex.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"bNe7ztjK0t\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/plants-planet-water-cycle\/\">The Planet&#8217;s fastest water cycle runs through plants<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The Planet&#8217;s fastest water cycle runs through plants&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/plants-planet-water-cycle\/embed\/#?secret=odgOOUeLuV#?secret=bNe7ztjK0t\" data-secret=\"bNe7ztjK0t\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A bridge between many disciplines<\/h5>\n<p>The concept of a thirstwave was first introduced in a <a href=\"https:\/\/agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1029\/2024EF004870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> published in March in the journal Earth&#8217;s Future. Its authors, Hobbins and colleague <strong>Meetpal Kukal<\/strong> of the University of Idaho, define it as the result of \u201cat least three consecutive days when daily evaporative demand was greater than its historical 90th percentile value for that period.\u201d That is, when the value exceeds 90 percent or more of all historical values measured over time.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cEvaporative demand of the atmosphere serves as a <strong>critical link between many disciplines<\/strong> including but not limited to hydrology, climate science, biometeorology, plant physiology, and agronomy,\u201d the study explains.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h5>When demand goes up, plants need more water<\/h5>\n<p>The concept, in particular, measures the ability of the atmosphere to demand water given the theoretical absence of water availability limits. The term, in short, indicates the potential for evaporation and transpiration from the soil and is an essential indicator of the \u201cwater need\u201d of crops. When evaporative demand is high, in other words, the atmosphere is very thirsty. That is, <strong>plants need more water<\/strong> to continue to be productive. A condition that, at least <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/usa-agriculture-drought-climate\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the United States<\/a>, seems to be occurring more frequently over time.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_39058\" style=\"width: 1545px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-39058\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39058\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"(a) Long-term mean county-level thirstwave intensity, (b) duration, and (c) frequency over the period 1981\u20132021. Thirstwaves have relatively lasted longer (i.e., duration) on average (&gt;4.5 days) in parts of Southern US Upper Midwest, west coast, and the Pacific Northwest. The west coast, and the Southern US have had relatively greater number of thirstwaves than the national average. Source: Kukal, M. S., &amp; Hobbins, M. (2025).Thirstwaves: Prolonged periods ofagricultural exposure to extremeatmospheric evaporative demand forwater. Earth's Future, 13,e2024EF004870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024EF004870Received 8 MAY 2024 Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0 Deed\" width=\"1535\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-scaled.jpg 1535w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-618x1030.jpg 618w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-768x1280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-921x1536.jpg 921w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-1228x2048.jpg 1228w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-900x1500.jpg 900w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ondate-sete-mappa-423x705.jpg 423w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1535px) 100vw, 1535px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-39058\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">(a) Long-term mean county-level thirstwave intensity, (b) duration, and (c) frequency over the period 1981\u20132021. Thirstwaves have relatively lasted longer (i.e., duration) on average (&gt;4.5 days) in parts of Southern US Upper Midwest, west coast, and the Pacific Northwest. The west coast, and the Southern US have had relatively greater number of thirstwaves than the national average. Source: Kukal, M. S., &amp; Hobbins, M. (2025).Thirstwaves: Prolonged periods ofagricultural exposure to extremeatmospheric evaporative demand forwater. Earth&#8217;s Future, 13,e2024EF004870. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1029\/2024EF004870Received 8 MAY 2024 Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0 Deed<\/p><\/div>\n<p>[\/caption]<\/p>\n<h5>Thirst on the rise for 40 years<\/h5>\n<p>The study examined thirst waves in the continental United States from <strong>1980 to 2021<\/strong>, quantifying their intensity, duration and frequency. The scientists found that such waves have become <strong>17 percent more intense and 23 percent more frequent<\/strong> over the past four decades. Moreover, the authors explain, \u201cOver time, all aspects of these thirstwaves have gotten worse. It has also become much less likely that a growing season will pass without any thirstwaves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The results, in detail, show how the waves had an <strong>intensity of 0.8 millimeters per day<\/strong>, an average duration of 4 days and a frequency of 2.9 events per growing season.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThirstwave intensity is relatively greater (&gt;1 mm d\u22121) in the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/High_Plains_(United_States)\">High Plains<\/a> region,\u201d the researchers explain. \u201cThirstwaves <strong>have relatively lasted longer<\/strong> (i.e., duration) on average (&gt;4.5 days) in parts of Southern US Upper Midwest, west coast, and the Pacific Northwest. The west coast, and the Southern US have had relatively greater number (&gt;3.5 events) of thirstwaves (i.e., frequency) than the national average.\u201d The year 2012 was the most severe due to the severe impact of drought.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"8Izki0R6XI\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/agriculture-irrigation-rainfall-midwest\/\">Agriculture and irrigation affect rainfall in the U.S. Midwest<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Agriculture and irrigation affect rainfall in the U.S. Midwest&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/agriculture-irrigation-rainfall-midwest\/embed\/#?secret=2Au5Js6uDm#?secret=8Izki0R6XI\" data-secret=\"8Izki0R6XI\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A new tool for farmers<\/h5>\n<p>Compared to heat waves, the concept of thirstwaves takes into account important factors such as moisture, wind and solar radiation and, therefore, appears more useful in providing <strong>essential guidance<\/strong> to farmers called upon to assess soil water requirements. Expecially in light of the historical trend that emerged in the study. Farmers have always considered the average evaporative demand values of their region to determine how much water their crops will need.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The research, however, showed that thirst waves occur more often in <strong>areas with lower average evaporative demand<\/strong>, such as the Midwest, rather than in traditionally dry areas, such as the Southwest.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Finally, the results \u201cmake us think about how our current water resources infrastructure, irrigation equipment, and water management should mitigate and adapt,\u201d explains Kukal. Moreover, \u201cAs these pressures grow, there\u2019s less and less room for guesswork in irrigation, so if you are under limited water conditions, you\u2019ve got to do a better job at really tracking your water.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>An American study introduces the concept of \u201cthirst waves.\u201d In the US they have been on the rise for at least four decades. The phenomenon occurs when evaporative demand is high and plants therefore need more water<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":39086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,134],"tags":[320,187,239,222,229,247,188,322,163],"class_list":["post-39083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultural-industry","category-articles","tag-agricoltura-en","tag-climate","tag-crops","tag-desertification","tag-drought","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research","tag-suolo-en","tag-usa-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>US agriculture pays the price of atmosphere \u201cthirst\u201d<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From 1981 to 2021, thirst waves in the United States became 17% more intense and 23% more 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