{"id":38409,"date":"2025-03-03T11:00:22","date_gmt":"2025-03-03T10:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/fermentazione-pane-cibo-proteico\/"},"modified":"2025-03-10T10:04:58","modified_gmt":"2025-03-10T09:04:58","slug":"fermentation-bread-protein-food","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/circular-bioeconomy\/fermentation-bread-protein-food\/","title":{"rendered":"Solid state fermentation turns waste bread into new protein food"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Scientists at Aberystwyth University have proposed a circular solution for recovering the discarded but still edible bread. With fermentation, nutritional content increases<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>Every year, millions of tons of still perfectly edible <strong>bread<\/strong> are thrown away worldwide without any recovery initiative. A <strong>significant waste<\/strong> that contributes to the growth of the overall impact of food production on the Planet. Recently, however, researchers at <strong>Aberystwyth University<\/strong> in Wales have proposed a particular circular solution: reusing waste to produce plant-based protein food.<\/p>\n<p>The process, they explain, would rely on a peculiar system that has always been used in traditional cooking in Asia: so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/immunology-and-microbiology\/solid-state-fermentation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">solid-state fermentation<\/a>. That is, that process of cultivation in which <strong>microorganisms<\/strong> grow on solid materials without free liquids.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"BRxr8jTPdT\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-carbon-forest\/\">This is how fungi regulate the carbon cycle in forests<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;This is how fungi regulate the carbon cycle in forests&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-carbon-forest\/embed\/#?secret=HReM6AqO0B#?secret=BRxr8jTPdT\" data-secret=\"BRxr8jTPdT\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Worldwide, 10 percent of bread is wasted<\/h5>\n<p>\u201cWheat is one of the world&#8217;s most consumed crops, accounting for<strong> 20% of the calories and proteins<\/strong> in our diets,\u201d the researchers noted in an article published by the Australian network The Conversation and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aber.ac.uk\/en\/ibers\/news\/news-article\/title-278643-en.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported<\/a> by the Aberystwyth University. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/6e04f2b4-82fc-4740-8cd5-9b66f5335239\/content\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FAO<\/a>, they added, \u201cAbout <strong>760 million tonnes of wheat flour<\/strong> are produced globally each year, much of which is used to bake bread.\u201d This is a huge production effort that comes not without consequences.<\/p>\n<p>In fact, a <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28248299\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by the University of Sheffield recalled how wheat cultivation, which is often accompanied by the use of <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/metal-fertilisers-global-soils\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fertilizers<\/a>, alone is responsible for about <strong>40 percent of the greenhouse gas emissions<\/strong> associated with bread production. Another British <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2021\/se\/d1se00575h\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a>, published in the journal Sustainable Energy &amp; Fuels, estimates that 10 percent of the 185 million tons of bread produced worldwide each year is wasted. With a visible environmental impact.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hXXZZejk_iw?si=VbpzhrZcNetSwlFw\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h5>The experiment<\/h5>\n<p>The fact, however, is that much of this uneaten bread is still fully edible. And, as such, it can be enhanced by fermentation. To test this possibility, the authors subjected a certain amount of the product to this process with the addition of <strong><em>\u00a0Lolium perenne<\/em><\/strong>, a grass from Asia found in an experimental plot at the same Welsh university.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSurplus bread crusts (BC) have the structural capacity to serve as a <strong>solid-state fermentation<\/strong> (SSF) scaffold, and their nutritional value could be increased in combination with perennial ryegrass (PRG), a biorefining feedstock with high-quality protein but an unpleasant sensory profile,\u201d explains the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41538-024-00338-y#Sec6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> published in the journal Science of Food. \u201cSSF with <strong>Rhizopus oligosporus<\/strong> was investigated with these substrates.\u201d The operations, which took place in the space of 72 hours, showed promising results.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"WncZI5mEvd\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/circular-economy-biobased-industries\/\">Circular bioeconomy, biobased industries need specific codes<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Circular bioeconomy, biobased industries need specific codes&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/circular-economy-biobased-industries\/embed\/#?secret=UHi5LGeVHa#?secret=WncZI5mEvd\" data-secret=\"WncZI5mEvd\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Nutritional content increases with fermentation<\/h5>\n<p>During the experiment, the study continues, \u201cthe starch content had decreased by up to 89.6%, the <strong>total amino acid (AA) content increased by up to 141.9%<\/strong>, and the essential amino acid (EAA) content increased by up to 54.5%.\u201d The study, in short, \u201cdemonstrated that this process could potentially valorise BC and PRG, both widely available but underexplored substrates, for the production of alternative proteins.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The implications are significant. \u201cIn the long run, this innovative approach could play an important role in <strong>enhancing global food security and sustainability<\/strong>,\u201d the authors write.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The fermentation process, in particular, can <strong>reduce waste sent to landfills<\/strong> and greenhouse gas emissions. In line with <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/circular-bioeconomy\/circular-economy-biobased-industries\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">circular economy<\/a> principles, moreover, the reuse of surplus bread makes it possible to produce unconventional plant proteins that can be included in the<strong> food chain<\/strong> while making the best use of available resources. This is a decisive advantage in the scenario of a growing global population destined, according to United Nations <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/desa\/world-population-projected-reach-98-billion-2050-and-112-billion-2100\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates<\/a>, to exceed 11 billion individuals by the end of the century.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists at Aberystwyth University have proposed a circular solution for recovering the discarded but still edible bread. With fermentation, nutritional content increases<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":38423,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[155,134],"tags":[190,153,267,221,188,208],"class_list":["post-38409","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-circular-bioeconomy","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-best-practice-en","tag-bioeconomia-circolare-en","tag-food","tag-research","tag-waste"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Solid state fermentation turns waste bread into new protein food<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Worldwide, 18.5 billion tons of often still edible bread, or one-tenth of total production, is wasted every year\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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