{"id":36654,"date":"2024-11-07T11:00:38","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T10:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/polvere-di-roccia-cattura-co2\/"},"modified":"2024-11-13T14:59:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T13:59:06","slug":"rock-dust-co2-capture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/rock-dust-co2-capture\/","title":{"rendered":"Rock dust helps capture CO2 but not in acidic soils"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The dispersion of rock dust in the soil is generally an effective way of storing carbon. But in acidic soils, according to an Australian study, this mechanism does not work<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Rock dust boosts the soil&#8217;s ability to <strong>capture CO2<\/strong>, but the effectiveness of the operation is linked to some peculiar characteristics of the soil, starting with its acidity. This is highlighted by an experimental <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S004896972406724X\">study<\/a> carried out in Australia and published in the journal <em>Science of The Total Environment<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Modelling studies suggest <strong>billions of tonnes<\/strong> of CO\u2082 might be removed annually if crushed rocks were applied to croplands globally,&#8221; <a href=\"\u2018https:\/\/theconversation.com\/spreading-crushed-rock-over-farmland-can-remove-co-from-the-atmosphere-if-we-do-it-right-240303\u2019\">writes<\/a> <strong>Paul Nelson<\/strong>, professor at James Cook University in Cairns, Queensland State, and co-author of the study on the Australian network portal <em>The Conversation<\/em>. &#8220;But before everyone gets too carried away, it\u2019s crucial to be able to measure how much CO\u2082 is captured. Both industry and governments will need accurate measurements for effective policy, regulation and reporting&#8221;.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1b3hjDkFT3\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crushed-rock-soil-carbon\/\">Crushed volcanic rock helps soil capture carbon<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Crushed volcanic rock helps soil capture carbon&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crushed-rock-soil-carbon\/embed\/#?secret=nVtG07c20d#?secret=1b3hjDkFT3\" data-secret=\"1b3hjDkFT3\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The weathering phenomenon<\/h5>\n<p>The principle behind the study is known as <em>weathering<\/em>\u00a0and occurs when <strong>rain<\/strong>, which falls and captures carbon dioxide from the air, <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crop-yields-rock-emissions\/\">reacts with<\/a> volcanic <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crop-yields-rock-emissions\/\">rock<\/a> <strong>and locks in the carbon<\/strong>. The mechanism usually takes millions of years and is therefore too slow to compensate for global warming. The crushing of rock, however, can <strong>speed up the process considerably<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Rocks rich in calcium or magnesium, such as <strong>basalt<\/strong>, can be pulverised and spread on the ground to capture carbon dioxide, Nelson explains. This system is called<em>enhanced weathering<\/em>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Once on the ground, the CO\u2082 dissolves to form <strong>carbonic acid<\/strong>, which, in contact with the rock, converts the carbon dioxide into bicarbonate. The latter can be further converted and stored as limestone, or precipitate in groundwater and then in rivers to the sea where it is stored long-term. Finally, the addition of crushed rock improves <strong>soil<\/strong> health and <strong>fertility<\/strong> by providing important nutrients such as magnesium, calcium and phosphorous.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HXjPYdSgvV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crop-yields-rock-emissions\/\">Rock dust pushes crop yields higher and CO2 emissions down<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Rock dust pushes crop yields higher and CO2 emissions down&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crop-yields-rock-emissions\/embed\/#?secret=g2U0BvqYQD#?secret=HXjPYdSgvV\" data-secret=\"HXjPYdSgvV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><strong>CO2 capture ranges from 20 to 10 thousand kilos per hectare<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The diffusion of rock dust into the soil is therefore an effective way of <strong>storing carbon<\/strong>. The problem, the researchers note, is that this effectiveness seems to vary enormously. In the Midwest <strong>USA<\/strong>, for example, potential CO\u2082 removal rates of up to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2319436121\">2.6 tonnes per hectare per year<\/a> over a four-year period have been estimated. Elsewhere, however, the system seems to work much less well.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In general, the authors note, the results of laboratory tests and field experiments vary <strong>widely<\/strong>, to the point that removal estimates vary between <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/climate\/articles\/10.3389\/fclim.2024.1352825\/full\">0.02 and over 10 tonnes of CO\u2082 per hectare<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In some environments, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/enhanced-weathering-tropical-peatlands\/\">peat bogs<\/a> for example, the application of rock dust is even counterproductive. The variability of the data, Nelson continues, could be due to the nature of the crushed rock and the application system, but also to climate, soil type, type of cultivation and the duration of the trial. In addition, of course, to the measuring method used. The Australian study, for its part, may have identified another decisive aspect: soil <strong>acidity<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gbAXmYK2sV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/australia-forest-regeneration-co2\/\">Forest regeneration in Australia does not influence CO2 sequestration<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Forest regeneration in Australia does not influence CO2 sequestration&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/australia-forest-regeneration-co2\/embed\/#?secret=TC0lmYPCYk#?secret=gbAXmYK2sV\" data-secret=\"gbAXmYK2sV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Weathering does not work in acidic soils<\/h5>\n<p>&#8220;This study aimed to directly measure in-field carbon dioxide removal via <strong>enhanced weathering of basalt<\/strong> applied to sugarcane on acidic (pH 5.8, 0\u20130.25 m) Ultisol (known as red clay soil, ed.) in tropical northeastern Australia, where weathering potential is high,&#8221; the research states. In the study area, crushed basalt as a by-product of gravel production was applied annually from 2018 to 2022. Subsequently, the effects of basalt erosion on <strong>soil flow and drainage chemistry<\/strong> were quantified.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In the soil, the presence of stronger acids contributed <strong>more<\/strong> to rock erosion <strong>than did carbonic acid<\/strong>. The erosion phenomenon, consequently, also took place but <strong>without leading to<\/strong> CO2 <strong>sequestration<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;These field trial results indicate that in strongly acidic soils enhanced weathering <strong>will be ineffective for carbon dioxide removal<\/strong>,&#8221; the research concludes. &#8220;Results of this field study will be useful for guiding that research and designing, parameterising, calibrating and validating process-based enhanced weathering models.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The dispersion of rock dust in the soil is generally an effective way of storing carbon. But in acidic soils, according to an Australian study, this mechanism does not work<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":36659,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[153,220,187,224,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-36654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-best-practice-en","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-erosion","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Rock dust helps capture CO2 but not in acidic soils<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the presence of stronger acids than carbonic acid, rock erosion also takes place but without leading to CO2 sequestration\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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