{"id":35558,"date":"2024-09-23T12:26:33","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T10:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/caldo-siccita-carbonio-foreste\/"},"modified":"2024-09-30T10:51:53","modified_gmt":"2024-09-30T08:51:53","slug":"heat-drought-carbon-forest","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/heat-drought-carbon-forest\/","title":{"rendered":"Heat and drought drive carbon loss in tropical forests"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A warmer and drier climate will impact the carbon balance of forests in the future, says a US study. The phenomenon will accelerate the loss of the oldest element and reduce the supply of the new one<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Climate change will promote the loss of carbon from tropical forests due to warming and drying soils. This is according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-51422-6#Abs1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> by the <strong>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory<\/strong> (LLNL), a research centre of the US Department of Energy, published in Nature Communications. The investigation, which involved scientists from Colorado State University and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, highlighted in particular how the phenomenon occurs through the <strong>degradation of the organic element<\/strong> that has been stored for the longest time.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"NTfdaqBzvX\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/mixed-forest-regeneration-carbon\/\">Mixed forest regeneration optimises carbon sequestration<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Mixed forest regeneration optimises carbon sequestration&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/mixed-forest-regeneration-carbon\/embed\/#?secret=dYLDEcupJ5#?secret=NTfdaqBzvX\" data-secret=\"NTfdaqBzvX\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Focus on carbon balance<\/h5>\n<p>Tropical forests, the authors note in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.llnl.gov\/article\/51741\/tropical-forests-feel-burn-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a>, exchange <strong>more CO2 with the atmosphere<\/strong> than any other terrestrial biome and store nearly one-third of global reserves of the element in the soil. Significantly, the rate of interchange characterises the balance of the element itself. Forests located in the tropics also have the shortest average residence time for carbon on Earth (6-15 years),<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>This means that \u2018any change <strong>in carbon inputs or outputs<\/strong> (including CO2 emitted by soil) could have l<strong>arge and relatively rapid consequences<\/strong> for tropical ecosystem carbon balance and carbon-climate feedbacks\u2019.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In the future, estimates say, the tropics will be subject to a hotter and drier climate with more intense drought phenomena. The consequences, of course, will be obvious. \u2018Tropical forests account for<strong> over 50% of the global terrestrial carbon sink<\/strong>, but climate change threatens to alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems,\u2019 the study explains.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_35454\" style=\"width: 1040px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35454\" class=\"size-large wp-image-35454\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24-1030x590.png\" alt=\"Flussi netti di gas serra dalle foreste mondiali. Periodo 2001-2019. FONTE: Global Forest Watch.\" width=\"1030\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24-1030x590.png 1030w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24-1536x880.png 1536w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24-1500x859.png 1500w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24-705x404.png 705w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Schermata-2024-09-23-alle-12.24.24.png 1878w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-35454\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Net greenhouse gas flows from the world&#8217;s forests. Period 2001-2019. SOURCE: Global Forest Watch.<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>The study<\/h5>\n<p>The research was conducted in the <strong>tropical forests<\/strong> of Panama where the authors heated some portions of soil under different conditions. Then, they analyzed the effects on the element. \u2018We show that warming and drying of tropical forest soils may increase soil carbon vulnerability, by increasing degradation of older carbon,\u2019 the authors explain.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u2018In situ whole-profile heating by 4\u2009\u00b0C and 50% <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Throughfall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">throughfall<\/a> exclusion each increased the<strong> average radiocarbon age<\/strong> of soil CO2 efflux by <strong>~2\u20133 years<\/strong>, but the mechanisms underlying this shift differed\u2019.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Heating, in particular, accelerated the decomposition of older carbon. Drying reduced that of newer carbon. These results imply that \u2018both warming and drying, by accelerating the loss of older soil carbon or reducing the incorporation of fresh carbon inputs,<strong> will exacerbate soil carbon losses<\/strong> and negatively impact carbon storage in tropical forests under climate change\u2019.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"QxSLqPrHLr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-carbon-forest\/\">This is how fungi regulate the carbon cycle in forests<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;This is how fungi regulate the carbon cycle in forests&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-carbon-forest\/embed\/#?secret=qqt6HGg5Ir#?secret=QxSLqPrHLr\" data-secret=\"QxSLqPrHLr\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Forest degradation and \u2018non-recoverable\u2019 emissions<\/h5>\n<p>Unlike previous studies, which have focused historically only on total emission fluxes, the research finally reveal mechanisms and their impact on <strong>different types of carbon<\/strong>. Thus adding new knowledge on the phenomena affecting <strong>tropical forests<\/strong> whose degradation, the experts explained, generates irreparable damage. Last year, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-05679-w.epdf?sharing_token=n_16qt8B5GOhXs7wkwJiZdRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NDy9Q2c2HSeEuIj9MfhBuByFBLU2pHQ-s_dln2Z61ERaOQtQFPs0DtLbGm0zy8lHwdqAbAKSctyhkDoTesFVql5GlBmp6qfiI74yPyGRwEsW48g9FYjP31meVEfZFqsW08oBeivzPZI-smUjmYLLnD2mnQVXSB73PqrVmzqP0pO1ncUZzSb0Gd-qSk8wSK-5lA-RyMlzridVcL4aP6x_Et5lE5OFo9nMD0hx1gumjNM3zy-Jtvn0J9kfApqr_yU7j4YgAf10GwnnNn23Ox4xlrw053CjA-zZgfsi8UmPEBdQ%3D%3D&amp;tracking_referrer=news.mongabay.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> by the University of Bristol and Brazil&#8217;s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/forest-restoration-carbon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">observed<\/a> how forest restoration only compensates for a minority share of the <strong>CO2 emissions<\/strong> associated with deforestation.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers, in particular, showed how restored forest areas in the tropics remove enough carbon each year to offset <strong>26% of the carbon emissions<\/strong> initially released into the atmosphere from previous deforestation. Regeneration initiatives, in other words, would only recover a quarter of the amount lost.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A warmer and drier climate will impact the carbon balance of forests in the future, says a US study. The phenomenon will accelerate the loss of the oldest element and reduce the supply of the new one<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":35561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[220,187,165,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-35558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-forests","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Heat and drought drive carbon loss in tropical forests<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tropical forests account for more than 50 per cent of the earth&#039;s global carbon sink but are threatened by climate change\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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