{"id":34547,"date":"2024-07-19T11:00:56","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T09:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=34547"},"modified":"2024-07-20T22:33:41","modified_gmt":"2024-07-20T20:33:41","slug":"global-warming-soil-respiration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/global-warming-soil-respiration\/","title":{"rendered":"How global warming affects soil respiration"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A Chinese study makes a new contribution to the issue of soil respiration in the climate change context. Emissions are higher in deciduous forests where the heterotrophic respiration is less prevalent<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The emission of CO2 from the soil through <strong>respiration<\/strong> is a crucial component of the carbon cycle. Understanding how respiration changes in the context of global warming is therefore crucial to making predictions about it. Now, a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s42729-024-01852-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by researchers at the <strong>Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden<\/strong> in Mengla, south-central China, has made a contribution in this regard.<\/p>\n<p>The research, explains a <a href=\"https:\/\/english.cas.cn\/newsroom\/research_news\/life\/202407\/t20240701_671627.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, aims to highlight, through an experiment, \u201cthe effects of warming on soil respiration in different <strong>ecosystems<\/strong> and the sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature and soil moisture content in different ecosystems.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"uQIQ7FUXy0\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/vicious-circle-microbes-climate\/\">How the vicious circle between soil, microbes and climate change works<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;How the vicious circle between soil, microbes and climate change works&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/vicious-circle-microbes-climate\/embed\/#?secret=ZQUvvR8SRk#?secret=uQIQ7FUXy0\" data-secret=\"uQIQ7FUXy0\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Two different kind of respiration<\/h5>\n<p>Soil releases carbon dioxide in two ways: through <strong>heterotrophic<\/strong> respiration and through <strong>autotrophic<\/strong> respiration. In the first case (<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/gcb.16286\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Soil heterotrophic respiration<\/em><\/a> &#8211; Rh), we refer to the emission that occurs as a result of the decomposition of organic matter by microbes. In the second case (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/abs\/soil-carbon-dynamics\/separating-autotrophic-and-heterotrophic-components-of-soil-respiration-lessons-learned-from-trenching-and-related-rootexclusion-experiments\/FE6F9FFB7CC7B8A18EC43FB1B8209FC2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Soil autotrophic respiration<\/em><\/a> &#8211; Ra), the reference is to the activity exerted by roots and <strong>microorganisms<\/strong> active in the portion of the soil that hosts them (the so-called <strong>rhizosphere<\/strong>) such as bacteria and <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fungi-carbon-forest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mycorrhizal fungi<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The contribution of these two actions to the overall respiration of the earth&#8217;s ecosystem <strong>ranges between 50 and 75 per cent<\/strong>, estimates say. This phenomenon \u201cplays an indispensable role in biogeochemical models.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"65uLd7pHTF\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-emissions-climate-change\/\">Soil releases more GHGs than expected as drought plays a crucial role<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Soil releases more GHGs than expected as drought plays a crucial role&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-emissions-climate-change\/embed\/#?secret=ecDNN3t9rV#?secret=65uLd7pHTF\" data-secret=\"65uLd7pHTF\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The experiment<\/h5>\n<p>During the experiment, the researchers used automated soil efflux chambers. Basically, this is a <a href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/treesearch\/20036\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">system<\/a> used for estimating CO2 dispersion per unit area of soil and per unit time by placing a chamber on the ground and quantifying the amount of carbon dioxide entering it. The research, conducted in the <strong>Lijiang<\/strong> and <strong>Ailao<\/strong> mountains in China by heating portions of the soil, allowed the effects of temperature and humidity on the phenomenon to be assessed.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The results, says the research published in the Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, &#8220;reveal that <strong>soil respiration<\/strong> was higher in subtropical <strong>evergreen broadleaf forest<\/strong> than in subalpine <strong>coniferous<\/strong> forest, and the ratio of heterotrophic respiration to soil respiration was significantly higher in coniferous forest than in broadleaf forest.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Crucial in this respect is &#8220;the combination of <strong>lower temperatures<\/strong>, recalcitrant organic matter, and slower litter decomposition in subalpine coniferous forests&#8221;. Lo studio ha quindi confermato &#8220;that soil eterotophic and autotrophic respiration had positive correlation with soil temperature and soil moisture for two ecosystems.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"GNZiDUdwO7\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microbes-soil-co2-carbon\/\">Soil microbes will release 40 percent more CO2 by 2100<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Soil microbes will release 40 percent more CO2 by 2100&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microbes-soil-co2-carbon\/embed\/#?secret=kWjTlvAtNh#?secret=GNZiDUdwO7\" data-secret=\"GNZiDUdwO7\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Soil emissions are rising<\/h5>\n<p>In recent years, several scientists have focused on the problem of soil respiration and the effects of climate change on it. Last year, for example, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-023-38981-w#MOESM3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by the Institute of <strong>Environmental Engineering in Zurich<\/strong>, published in the journal Nature Communications, hypothesised a significant increase in microbial CO2 emissions caused by global warming while simultaneously worsening climate change. Crucial, again, is the interaction of <strong>soil temperature and moisture<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cEstimates from the model show that <strong>heterotrophic<\/strong> respiration has been increasing since the 1980s at a rate of about 2% per decade globally,\u201d the study states. \u201cUsing future projections of surface temperature and soil moisture, the model predicts a global increase of <strong>about 40%<\/strong> in heterotrophic respiration by the end of the century under the worst-case emission scenario.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The increase in emissions varies between climate zones. In the worst case scenario, <strong>polar regions<\/strong> &#8211; which are characterised by ideal moisture conditions for heterotrophic respiration &#8211; will experience a <strong>119% increase by 2100<\/strong>. This compares with 38% experienced by the tropics, 40% recorded by the subtropics, and 48% predicted for temperate zones.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Chinese study makes a new contribution to the issue of soil respiration in the climate change context. Emissions are higher in deciduous forests where the heterotrophic respiration is less prevalent<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":34572,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[201,220,187,165,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-34547","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-asia-en","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-forests","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How global warming affects soil respiration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Soil respiration, both autotrophic and heterotrophic, is a crucial component of the carbon cycle at global level\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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