{"id":34129,"date":"2024-06-24T11:01:56","date_gmt":"2024-06-24T09:01:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=34129"},"modified":"2024-06-24T14:21:59","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T12:21:59","slug":"permafrost-microbes-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/permafrost-microbes-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Permafrost microbes may further accelerate climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Permafrost microorganisms, explains a study by Colorado State University, are also able to break down polyphenols. A finding that could force an upward correction of CO2 emission previous estimates<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The thawing of <strong>permafrost<\/strong>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/near-surface-permafrost-loss-2100\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">perennially frozen<\/a> portion of soil in cold regions, is known to be a threat to climate change. Estimates of the scale of the phenomenon take into account the ability of microbes to process <strong>organic carbon<\/strong> once awakened from hibernation. These predictions, however, may have to be revised. This is supported by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-024-01691-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> from <strong>Colorado State University<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eZ6ys7aSgm\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-soil-climate-change\/\">Subsoil carbon is particularly vulnerable to climate change<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Subsoil carbon is particularly vulnerable to climate change&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-soil-climate-change\/embed\/#?secret=5VBSEFeuDJ#?secret=eZ6ys7aSgm\" data-secret=\"eZ6ys7aSgm\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>It&#8217;s all about polyphenols<\/h5>\n<p>&#8220;Currently, these models assume that this community of <strong>microorganisms<\/strong> &#8211; known as a microbiome &#8211; will break down some types of carbon but not others,&#8221; explains a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/news-releases\/1046015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> released by the Colorado State University. The investigation, published in the journal Nature Microbiology, however, reveals how these microbes, once activated, &#8220;will go after a class of compounds previously thought to be untouchable under certain conditions: <strong>polyphenols<\/strong>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>And the problem, the scholars add, is that &#8220;<strong>more carbon<\/strong> being broken down by microbial respiration will produce <strong>additional<\/strong> greenhouse gas emissions&#8221;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>A previously formulated theory known as &#8216;enzymatic latch&#8217;, the study says, hypothesised, in contrast, that polyphenols should accumulate in saturated peatlands due to diminished phenol oxidase (the enzyme that catalyses the aerobic oxidation of phenols, ed.) activity, inhibiting resident microbes and promoting carbon stabilization.&#8221; In the past, recalls <strong>Kelly Wrighton<\/strong>, professor and co-author of the research, \u201cNot only did we think these microbes didn\u2019t eat polyphenols, we thought that if the polyphenols were there it was like they were toxic and would lock the microbes into inactivity.\u201d This claim, however, no longer appears convincing.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6EZ8B0SIK8\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microbes-permafrost-released-carbon\/\">In Tibetan permafrost 54% of the carbon comes from microbes<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;In Tibetan permafrost 54% of the carbon comes from microbes&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microbes-permafrost-released-carbon\/embed\/#?secret=6CbeAfRUvI#?secret=6EZ8B0SIK8\" data-secret=\"6EZ8B0SIK8\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The investigation in Sweden<\/h5>\n<p>Together with her colleague at Colorado State, <strong>Bridget B. McGivern<\/strong>, Wrighton had already started formulating a different theory a few years ago. They thoght that permafrost microbes were actually able to break down polyphenols like the microbes living in the human digestive tract. This theory<strong> has been demonstrated in laboratory<\/strong> in 2021. In their latest study, however, researchers were able to verify this assumption in the field.<\/p>\n<p>After creating a database with the results of gene sequencing obtained in the laboratory, the authors were able to compare these with information collected on samples from a research site: the <strong>Stordalen Mire<\/strong> peat bog in northern Sweden. \u201cWhat we found was that genes across <strong>58 different polyphenol pathways<\/strong> were expressed,\u201d McGivern explained. \u201cSo, we\u2019re saying not only can the microorganisms potentially do it, but they actually are, in the field, expressing the genes for this metabolism.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"LqsdMOCa96\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-mitigation-tibet-erosion\/\">Climate mitigation is the first barrier against erosion in Tibet<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Climate mitigation is the first barrier against erosion in Tibet&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-mitigation-tibet-erosion\/embed\/#?secret=M4ocNPo3y2#?secret=LqsdMOCa96\" data-secret=\"LqsdMOCa96\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>All eyes on permafrost<\/h5>\n<p>The focus of international researchers on permafrost is particularly pronounced. As of today, says an estimate <a href=\"https:\/\/news.arizona.edu\/story\/fast-melting-alpine-permafrost-may-contribute-rising-global-temperatures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quoted<\/a> by the University of Arizona, this peculiar type of soil contains, on a global scale, \u201ca whopping 1,500 trillion grams of carbon (<strong>1,5 bn tonnes<\/strong>, ed.).&#8221; Or &#8220;twice as much as what\u2019s stored in the atmosphere.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-022-29011-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a>\u00a0carried out last year by scientists at the same US university, forecast models suggest that under current global warming conditions, thawing would affect <strong>20 per cent of the surface<\/strong> of Arctic permafrost and <strong>60 per cent<\/strong> of that of Alpine permafrost in the future (but the time horizon is not defined).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2301954120\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> published last year, a team of scientists led by <strong>Donglin Guo<\/strong>, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Nanjing University, compared the current climate scenario with that of millions of years ago. They hypothesised that most of the <strong>surface permafrost<\/strong> could be gone by 2100.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Permafrost microorganisms, explains a study by Colorado State University, are also able to break down polyphenols. A finding that could force an upward correction of CO2 emission previous estimates<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":34131,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[220,187,247,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-34129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Permafrost microbes may further accelerate climate change<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The ability of permafrost microorganisms to process polyphenols is decisive, explains a Colorado State University study\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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