{"id":34063,"date":"2024-06-19T11:00:08","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T09:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/agricoltura-biologica-genetica-piante\/"},"modified":"2024-06-24T14:21:51","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T12:21:51","slug":"organic-farming-plant-genetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/organic-farming-plant-genetics\/","title":{"rendered":"Organic farming affects plant genetics"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A study by the University of Bonn shows how conventionally and organically grown barley plants develop differently. The latter experience adaptations in their genetic material<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The genetic material of plants can vary depending on the <strong>cultivation<\/strong> method used over the long term. This is the finding of a <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13593-024-00962-8#Sec23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> conducted by the <strong>University of Bonn<\/strong>. The investigation, whose findings were published in the journal Agronomy for Sustainable Development, lasted more than 20 years.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This long-term experiment highlights for the first time that allele frequency pattern difference between the <strong>conventional and organic populations<\/strong> grew with subsequent generations,&#8221; the study says. &#8220;Furthermore, the organic-adapted population showed a higher genetic heterogeneity.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"hkMogxCdgX\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microbes-fertilizer-price\/\">Microbes provide a solution as fertilizers get too expensive<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Microbes provide a solution as fertilizers get too expensive&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microbes-fertilizer-price\/embed\/#?secret=JSnExZ1MG8#?secret=hkMogxCdgX\" data-secret=\"hkMogxCdgX\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The experiment<\/h5>\n<p>The experiment started 23 years ago at the Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES) of the university. &#8220;We first crossed high-yield <strong>barley<\/strong> with a wild form to increase genetic variation,&#8221; explains <strong>Jens L\u00e9on<\/strong>, professor and lead author of the study in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni-bonn.de\/en\/news\/107-2024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> released by the same university. &#8220;We then planted these populations on <strong>two neighboring fields<\/strong> so that the barley grew in the same soil and under the same climatic conditions.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The two populations were grown using <strong>two different methods<\/strong>: conventional and organic farming. The impact of this choice on the genetic make-up was then assessed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u201cA fraction of seeds harvested each year was sown the following year,&#8221; the study explains. \u201cVarious generations, up to the 23th were whole-genome pool-<strong>sequenced<\/strong> to identify adaptation patterns towards ecosystem and climate conditions in the allele frequency shifts.\u201d Morevoer, \u201ca meta-data analysis was conducted to link genomic regions\u2019 increased fitness to agronomically related traits.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"X2nIwvSOzI\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/uk-fertiliser-regenerative-agriculture\/\">Fertiliser crisis provides a boost to regenerative agriculture<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Fertiliser crisis provides a boost to regenerative agriculture&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/uk-fertiliser-regenerative-agriculture\/embed\/#?secret=FeYEryxeGm#?secret=X2nIwvSOzI\" data-secret=\"X2nIwvSOzI\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Organic barley plants would be better adapted<\/h5>\n<p>The researchers focused on <strong>alleles<\/strong>, i.e. the different variants that occur within the same gene (to be clear, &#8220;For example, the human gene responsible for eye color exists in the alleles \u2018brown\u2019 and \u2018blue\u2019,&#8221; the researchers explain). The point, in short, is that the frequency with which certain alleles occur in a population can change over generations. Those associated with <strong>more favourable plant characteristics<\/strong> within a certain environment, in other words, tend to be more frequent. Genetic tests conducted in the course of the study found that in the first twelve years, the frequency of alleles in barley had changed equally in both fields.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In later years, however, <strong>organically grown<\/strong> barley developed <strong>root structure<\/strong> gene variants that made it less sensitive to nutrient or water deficit.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Conventionally grown barley has become genetically more uniform over time, whereas organically grown barley has remained more heterogeneous. The latter characteristic manifests itself in a wider availability of different alleles that can thus be thought of as distinct resources suited to multiple contexts. And, as such, it favours the plant&#8217;s ability to adapt to variable conditions.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VoRR2TMcKI\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/spain-biointensive-method-higher-yields\/\">In Spain biointensive method proves successful as yields increase 81%<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;In Spain biointensive method proves successful as yields increase 81%&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/spain-biointensive-method-higher-yields\/embed\/#?secret=L0O5UPUScd#?secret=VoRR2TMcKI\" data-secret=\"VoRR2TMcKI\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The importance of adaptation<\/h5>\n<p>In summary, the authors conclude, &#8220;the results demonstrate the importance of <strong>cultivating varieties optimized<\/strong> for organic farming.&#8221; By adapting to these conditions, varieties will be more robust and produce higher yields. Especially, the authors emphasise, when it is possible to cross them with older or even wild varieties.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIn the context of <strong>climate change<\/strong> and agronomical transformations, wild forms contributed beneficial alleles to the population and, therefore, might be a valuable source for modern plant breeding,&#8221; the study concludes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A study by the University of Bonn shows how conventionally and organically grown barley plants develop differently. The latter experience adaptations in their genetic material<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":34069,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,134],"tags":[190,153,239,221,247,188],"class_list":["post-34063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultural-industry","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-best-practice-en","tag-crops","tag-food","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Organic farming affects plant genetics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The allele frequency of organic barley plants changes over the years thus facilitating their adaptability, a study says\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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