{"id":33501,"date":"2024-05-16T17:19:23","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T15:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/prati-montagna-minacciati-clima\/"},"modified":"2024-05-22T15:06:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T13:06:06","slug":"mountain-meadows-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/mountain-meadows-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Mountain meadows are threatened by climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Rising temperatures drive the loss of humus in mountain meadows and, with it, the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. This is reported in a study by the Technical University of Munich<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Climate change reduces <strong>humus content and nitrogen reserves<\/strong> in alpine meadows by altering soil structure. In this context, some practices such as organic fertilization, for example, can compensate for the loss of these elements but only partially. This is reported in a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0016706124000363?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by the <strong>Technical University of Munich (TUM)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kvOy7mCoVf\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/interview-cotrufo-grazing-soil\/\">Grazing land, hidden treasure: &#8220;Adaptive grazing management helps climate and soil&#8221;<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Grazing land, hidden treasure: &#8220;Adaptive grazing management helps climate and soil&#8221;&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/interview-cotrufo-grazing-soil\/embed\/#?secret=0cA6hkqFRO#?secret=kvOy7mCoVf\" data-secret=\"kvOy7mCoVf\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The study<\/h5>\n<p>&#8220;Studying soil responses to climate change in detail helps us to better understand the long-term effects on alpine grassland ecosystems,&#8221; explains <strong>Noelia Garcia-Franco<\/strong>, a TUM researcher and co-author of research conducted on several areas in the Bavarian districts of Weilheim-Schongau and Garmisch-Partenkirchen.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Scientists made several <strong>mesocosms <\/strong>&#8211; that is, units containing soil samples used as miniature ecosystems &#8211; to assess the <strong>influence of climate<\/strong> on soil and plants.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The mesocosms were moved from some places located at higher altitudes to others placed lower down, thus experiencing a maximum warming of three degrees Celsius. Half of the mesocosms were grown intensively, half extensively. That means, in other words, the meadows were <strong>mowed<\/strong> more often and fertilized more. Soil samples were collected after four years.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"bj1NU9RY7O\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-sequestration-climate-storage\/\">Carbon sequestration should address the tough balance between climate and biodiversity<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Carbon sequestration should address the tough balance between climate and biodiversity&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-sequestration-climate-storage\/embed\/#?secret=YLZ7JjdZ0J#?secret=bj1NU9RY7O\" data-secret=\"bj1NU9RY7O\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Soils lose up to 22% of their humus<\/h5>\n<p>Results showed that temperature increases dramatically reduced humus content in fields under extensive management: <strong>minus 22% with a 3\u00b0C increase<\/strong> and minus 14% with a 2\u00b0C increase. With intensive management, the loss of humus in meadows was only slightly less -11%. Also reducing, the scholars noted, was the <strong>nitrogen<\/strong> content, <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/nitrogen-sustainable-agriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a key soil nutrient<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>For both management practices, the loss of soil organic carbon was mainly associated with a <strong>decrease in large clods<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The study, in particular, &#8220;provides evidence that simulated climate change induced a rapid and substantial <strong>decline of soil organic carbon<\/strong> in mountainous, organic carbon-rich grassland soils, which may be attributed to decreased physical organic carbon protection within large macroaggregates.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"R4G0ZHASC5\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/biodiversity-soil-carbon-grasslands\/\">Declining biodiversity reduces carbon sequestration in grasslands<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Declining biodiversity reduces carbon sequestration in grasslands&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/biodiversity-soil-carbon-grasslands\/embed\/#?secret=EOifzT4Qeo#?secret=R4G0ZHASC5\" data-secret=\"R4G0ZHASC5\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Mountain meadows are shrinking<\/h5>\n<p>The survey thus highlights the heavy burden of climate change, which, the authors note, is becoming more intense in the<strong> mountainous regions of central and northern Europe<\/strong> than in other areas. Indeed, since the 1980s, the average annual temperature in the Alps <strong>has increased by two degrees<\/strong>. The higher temperatures increase the activity of soil microorganisms. As a result, humus is broken down more rapidly and released as CO2.<\/p>\n<p>Mountain meadows, the authors say, maintain a wide biodiversity and constitute &#8220;one of the largest reservoirs of soil-bound organic carbon in Central Europe.&#8221; However, their presence is declining. According to some <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/news\/prati-stabili-slow-food\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates<\/a>, the <strong>European Union has lost 16 percent<\/strong> of its grasslands since 1969. In the Italian Alps, the situation is even worse: <strong>minus 45 percent<\/strong> in 50 years. Changing agricultural patterns and heavy urbanization, in this sense, have been the determining factors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rising temperatures drives the loss of humus in mountain meadows and, with it, the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. This is reported in a study by the Technical University of Munich<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":33503,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[220,187,204,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-33501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-ecosystems","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mountain meadows are threatened by climate change<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Grassland humus is estimated to decrease by 22 percent with a 3-degree temperature increase and by 14 percent with a 2-degree increase.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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