{"id":32524,"date":"2024-03-20T11:00:17","date_gmt":"2024-03-20T10:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/suolo-emissioni-carbonio-clima\/"},"modified":"2024-03-24T22:21:20","modified_gmt":"2024-03-24T21:21:20","slug":"soil-emissions-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/soil-emissions-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil releases more GHGs than expected as drought plays a crucial role"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A U.S. study hypothesizes the existence of an &#8220;amplifying cycle&#8221; involving drought, soil desiccation and CO2 emissions. A mechanism that climate models do not seem to take into account<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Soil is reportedly releasing more <strong>carbon<\/strong> and other greenhouse gases than expected. That is the hypothesis put forward by a group of scientists at <strong>TUFTS University<\/strong> in Medford, Massachusetts. The <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad2c23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a>, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, consequently suggests the possible acceleration of the climate change beyond the estimates suggested by current models.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;If we don\u2019t consider the interplay of drought, soil desiccation cracking, and CO2 emissions, that could result in significant inaccuracies when <strong>modeling<\/strong> and predicting climate change,&#8221; explains <strong>Farshid Vahedifard<\/strong>, TUFTS researcher and co-author of the study in an <a href=\"https:\/\/now.tufts.edu\/2024\/03\/06\/soil-may-release-more-carbon-expected-affecting-climate-change-models\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article<\/a> released by the same U.S. university. Morevover, he adds, &#8220;Poorer soil health can lead to r<strong>educed photosynthesis<\/strong> and lower carbon dioxide uptake and it can compromise the structural integrity of earthen dams that protect against floods.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2mOUljpWv5\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/drought-carbon-uptake\/\">Drought limits carbon uptake more than expected<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Drought limits carbon uptake more than expected&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/drought-carbon-uptake\/embed\/#?secret=RdjQLxzO1X#?secret=2mOUljpWv5\" data-secret=\"2mOUljpWv5\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The feedback loop between climate change and soil<\/h5>\n<p>CO2, the study says, &#8220;the predominant contributor to the warming effect of all human-made greenhouse gases (GHGs), accounting for <strong>two-thirds of their global heating<\/strong> impact.&#8221; However, the authors continue, &#8220;While the primary anthropogenic source of increased atmospheric CO2 concentration is the combustion of fossil fuels, the largest terrestrial source of CO2 emissions is soil where<strong> 80% of the total terrestrial carbon<\/strong> is stored.&#8221; Sixty-two percent of the carbon in the soil is present in its organic form, the remaining portion being the inorganic element.<\/p>\n<p>The study hypothesizes the existence of &#8220;an <strong>amplifying feedback loop<\/strong> between drought, soil desiccation cracking, and CO2 emission in a warming climate, a critical aspect that has been overlooked in the existing literature.&#8221; In addition, the authors &#8220;argue that the postulated feedback loop affects the emissions of other GHGs, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), from soils.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32435\" style=\"width: 1435px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32435\" class=\"size-full wp-image-32435\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/circolo-vizioso-del-suolo.jpg\" alt=\"Il circolo vizioso clima-suolo. Immagine: Farshid Vahedifard et al 2024 Environ. Res. Lett. 19 031005 DOI 10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad2c23 https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad2c23 CC BY 4.0 DEED Attribution 4.0 International \" width=\"1425\" height=\"1090\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/circolo-vizioso-del-suolo.jpg 1425w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/circolo-vizioso-del-suolo-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/circolo-vizioso-del-suolo-1030x788.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/circolo-vizioso-del-suolo-768x587.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/circolo-vizioso-del-suolo-705x539.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1425px) 100vw, 1425px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32435\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The feedback loop between climate change and soil. Image: Farshid Vahedifard et al 2024 Environ. Res. Lett. 19 031005 DOI <a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad2c23\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10.1088\/1748-9326\/ad2c23<\/a> CC BY 4.0 DEED Attribution 4.0 International<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>Drought is the main threat<\/h5>\n<p>According to the study <strong>drought<\/strong> has a crucial role as it &#8220;accelerates the oxidation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and, thus, increases CO2 emissions into the atmosphere.&#8221; <strong>Soil moisture deficits<\/strong> also contribute to reduced rates of <strong>photosynthesis<\/strong> in plants and, as a result, less carbon uptake. In its early stage, then, &#8220;drought may cause a slight increase in respiration, despite a decline in photosynthesis, leading to increased carbon emissions from the soil.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The researchers&#8217; attention, moreover, focuses on another phenomenon favored by drought: the spread of <strong>desiccation soil cracking<\/strong> &#8220;which, in turn, can considerably increase CO2 efflux in soil by exposing deeper and older stores of soil carbon.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The effects associated with the spread of <strong>these cracks in the soil<\/strong> are many. These include increased <strong>microbial activity<\/strong> and breakdown of organic matter, resulting in the release of CO2, and loss of nutrients and the ability to support plant growth, resulting in reduced carbon sequestration.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"mIsOZU3Qe2\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/urban-agriculture-climate-impact\/\">Urban agriculture generates an excessive carbon footprint. Here&#8217;s how to avoid it<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Urban agriculture generates an excessive carbon footprint. Here&#8217;s how to avoid it&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/urban-agriculture-climate-impact\/embed\/#?secret=7JhxJpweDo#?secret=mIsOZU3Qe2\" data-secret=\"mIsOZU3Qe2\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Regulators must promote sustainable soil use<\/h5>\n<p>According to the authors, &#8220;The problems associated with desiccation cracks are becoming more prevalent as anthropogenic climate change exacerbates the severity and <strong>frequency of droughts<\/strong>, heatwaves, and drought-heavy precipitation cycles.&#8221; Added to this are the effects of other feedback loops with a significant impact on climate such as melting ice, more widespread fires, and thawing Arctic and subarctic <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/microbes-permafrost-released-carbon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permafrost<\/a> leading to greater release of carbon dioxide .<\/p>\n<p>In this scenario, Vahedifard recalls, governments and regulators must promote sustainable land use through the adoption of precision irrigation techniques, the use of water conservation practices, and the use of drought-tolerant crops. The use of organic fertilizers and composting, moreover, &#8220;can enhance <strong>soil organic matter content<\/strong> and improve soil water-holding capacity.&#8221; These interventions, in any case, can be helpful only if they are &#8220;part of a comprehensive effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from all human activity.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A U.S. study hypothesizes the existence of an &#8220;amplifying cycle&#8221; involving drought, soil desiccation and CO2 emissions. A mechanism that climate models do not seem to take into account<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":32527,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[220,187,222,224,247,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-32524","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-desertification","tag-erosion","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Soil releases more GHGs as drought plays a crucial role<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The researchers&#039; attention focused on a phenomenon favored by drought: the spread of desiccation cracks in soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/soil-emissions-climate-change\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Soil releases more GHGs as drought plays a crucial role\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The researchers&#039; 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