{"id":31099,"date":"2024-01-17T11:00:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T10:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/microplastiche-funghi-suolo-siccita\/"},"modified":"2024-01-25T09:39:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T08:39:52","slug":"microplastics-fungi-soil-drought","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/microplastics-fungi-soil-drought\/","title":{"rendered":"Microplastics affect soil fungi according to drought conditions"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>The impact of microplastics on the soil fungal community is affected by soil moisture content, a German study has found<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Moisture levels in soil can influence the effects of <strong>microplastic<\/strong> pollution on fungi. This is supported by <a href=\"https:\/\/ami-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16549\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> published in the journal Environmental Microbiology. The investigation, carried out by researchers at the <strong>Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin<\/strong>, examined soil samples mixed with the plastic fragments under different conditions and obtained different results.<\/p>\n<p>When the soil is well watered, says a <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2024-01-microplastics-affect-soil-fungi-drought.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> by the authors, toxic chemicals in the microplastics can be released into the soil, hindering its <strong>fungal richness<\/strong>. With dry soil, on the other hand, &#8220;the leaching of water-extractable chemicals is less pronounced and therefore less impactful on soil fungal structure.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VH3uhRuiPW\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/india-microplastics-mulch-films\/\">Mulch films under fire in India as microplastics pollution gets worrysome<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Mulch films under fire in India as microplastics pollution gets worrysome&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/india-microplastics-mulch-films\/embed\/#?secret=nGDyoP303o#?secret=VH3uhRuiPW\" data-secret=\"VH3uhRuiPW\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The study<\/h5>\n<p>&#8220;Microplastics affect soil functions depending on drought conditions. However, how their combined effect influences soil fungi and their linkages with <strong>ecosystem functions<\/strong> is still unknown,&#8221; the study explains. To better understand this phenomenon, the authors added microplastic fibers to a portion of soil used in a previous experiment by evaluating the effects at the level of the rhizosphere, that is, the soil depth reached by plant roots.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;We found that microplastics influenced the richness of the different functional groups and the whole fungal community, in a pattern that depended on the <strong>soil water status<\/strong>,&#8221; the researchers explain.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In detail, &#8220;under well-watered conditions, pathogens, saprotrophs, mutualists and the whole fungal community decreased in richness with microplastics by <strong>47%, 33%, 45% and 40%, respectively<\/strong>.&#8221; At the same time, &#8220;under drought conditions, although all the fungal functional groups tended to have an opposite pattern increasing in richness with microplastics, the statistical evidence was only clear for pathogens and the whole fungal community, whose richness increased by 55% and 57%, respectively.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eBS8Pk7ELr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/tomography-microplastics-soil\/\">Tomography helps detect microplastics in soil<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Tomography helps detect microplastics in soil&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/tomography-microplastics-soil\/embed\/#?secret=lAdU3yX9Bt#?secret=eBS8Pk7ELr\" data-secret=\"eBS8Pk7ELr\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The drought effect<\/h5>\n<p>The reduction in fungal richness under wet conditions, the researchers note, is likely related to the dispersion of <strong>toxic substances<\/strong> in the soil and the effects of microplastics on root quality. By contrast, the effects exerted by microplastics on certain<strong> soil properties<\/strong>, such as water-holding capacity, porosity or aggregation, are likely to determine the opposite result under drought conditions.<\/p>\n<p>On balance, in each case, microplastics have altered the relationships between soil fungi and ecosystem functions by damaging or eliminating many of them. &#8220;Microplastics in soil alter soil fungal communities, which negatively affect soil ecosystem functions,&#8221; said <strong>Yudi M. Lozano<\/strong>, a researcher at the Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and co-author of the study.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_12380\" style=\"width: 962px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12380\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12380\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Schermata-2021-12-14-alle-12.06.21.png\" alt=\"Stima delle quantit\u00e0 annue di plastica utilizzata nei terreni agricoli mondiali divise per tipologie di prodotto. FONTE: Assessment of Agricultural plastics and their sustainability. FAO, 2021\" width=\"952\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Schermata-2021-12-14-alle-12.06.21.png 952w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Schermata-2021-12-14-alle-12.06.21-300x165.png 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Schermata-2021-12-14-alle-12.06.21-768x423.png 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Schermata-2021-12-14-alle-12.06.21-705x388.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 952px) 100vw, 952px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-12380\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estimated annual amounts of plastics used in global agricultural land by product type. SOURCE: Assessment of Agricultural plastics and their sustainability. FAO, 2021<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>The negative impact of microplastics<\/h5>\n<p>The research thus provides new insights into the phenomenon of microplastic pollution in soil. This latter issue calls into question the problem of excessive use of non-biodegradable materials in agriculture. Over the years, said a <strong>California Polytechnic State University<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/conf.goldschmidt.info\/goldschmidt\/2023\/meetingapp.cgi\/Paper\/18996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> which was released in recent months, &#8220;Application of single-use plastic in the agriculture sector<strong> has increased tremendously<\/strong>, covering millions of acres of land worldwide.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The authors, in particular, <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/polyethylene-mulches-negative-effect\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pointed out<\/a> that U.S. farms alone generated nearly<strong> 390 tons<\/strong> of plastic waste each year, &#8220;with <strong>single-use low-density polyethylene mulches<\/strong> used in row crops contributing a significant amount to total plastic waste.&#8221; The fragments bound to accumulate inevitably impact the environment and human health. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/publications\/card\/en\/c\/CB7856EN\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FAO<\/a>, global demand for plastic films for agricultural use (greenhouses, mulch and silage) will reach <strong>9.5 million tons<\/strong> in 2030. That is a <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/plastic-contamination-in-agricultural-land\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent increase<\/a> from 6.1 million tons in 2018.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gCxhum9vXi\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/polyethylene-mulches-negative-effect\/\">Polyethylene mulches leave behind &#8216;negative effects for decades&#8217;<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Polyethylene mulches leave behind &#8216;negative effects for decades&#8217;&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/polyethylene-mulches-negative-effect\/embed\/#?secret=gGXXmwEzhB#?secret=gCxhum9vXi\" data-secret=\"gCxhum9vXi\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The impact of microplastics on the soil fungal community is affected by soil moisture content, a German study has found<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":31102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[190,200,229,247,188,186,208],"class_list":["post-31099","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-biodiversity","tag-drought","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research","tag-soil","tag-waste"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Microplastics affect soil fungi according to drought conditions<\/title>\n<meta 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