{"id":30913,"date":"2024-01-11T11:00:41","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T10:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/colture-copertura-inquinamento-acqua\/"},"modified":"2024-01-16T19:10:59","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T18:10:59","slug":"cover-crops-water-poluution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/cover-crops-water-poluution\/","title":{"rendered":"Cover crops are a barrier against agriculture-based pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>According to a U.S. study, the application of cover crops on a share of cultivated land reduces the maximum concentration of ammonia and phosphorus by more than 30 percent. Whose accumulation is favored by floods<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Some agricultural strategies, such as <strong>cover crops<\/strong>, can significantly mitigate water pollution. A phenomenon linked to climate change, which is known to make flood events increasingly frequent thereby promoting the dispersion of agricultural and livestock residues through them. This is suggested by a <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/jaa2.90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The study, by the <strong>University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign<\/strong>, which involved researchers from other universities, analyzed rainfall data collected over more than a decade in the state of <strong>Wisconsin<\/strong> where a large dairy sector exists. Here, the authors note, livestock manure and crop fertilizers are the leading causes of agricultural pollution.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tTubuLvGdS\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/phosphorus-problem-started-thousands-years-ago\/\">The phosphorus problem started thousands of years ago<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;The phosphorus problem started thousands of years ago&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/phosphorus-problem-started-thousands-years-ago\/embed\/#?secret=2UOoB1i9oX#?secret=tTubuLvGdS\" data-secret=\"tTubuLvGdS\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>After heavy rains, spikes in nutrient concentrations are observed<\/h5>\n<p>Studying water quality in nearly 50 Wisconsin watersheds from 2008 to 2020, says a <a href=\"https:\/\/emails.illinois.edu\/newsletter\/85\/628674185.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> by the University of Illinois, the authors correlated <strong>ammonia and phosphorus concentration<\/strong> data from the Water Quality Portal with the location of farms and cropland. In this way, they determined nutrient levels after rainfall of half an inch, one inch and two inches (equal to about 1.3, 2.5 and 5 centimeters) per hour.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The researchers, the statement continues, found <strong>spikes in nutrient concentrations<\/strong> immediately after extreme rainfall events. This effect increased as rainfall intensified.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Up to five days after a rainfall event with an intensity measured in one inch (about 25 millimeters) per hour, the level of ammonia in the soil <strong>had increased by 49 percent<\/strong>, that of phosphorus had increased by 24 percent. When there was at least one day of rainfall intensity greater than 10 mm, the monthly ammonia concentration figure was 28% higher, the phosphorus figure was 15% higher.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"6AQ435L0cp\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/agriculture-dependence-phosphorus\/\">Global agriculture must reduce its dependence on phosphorus<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Global agriculture must reduce its dependence on phosphorus&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/agriculture-dependence-phosphorus\/embed\/#?secret=UsthLXekHc#?secret=6AQ435L0cp\" data-secret=\"6AQ435L0cp\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The importance of mitigation practices<\/h5>\n<p>&#8220;We observe a significant interaction between rainfall, agricultural production, and runoff. It is not just a short-term spike in nutrient levels; at the end of the season, we still see persistent increases in phosphorus and ammonia attributed to those extreme precipitation events months earlier,&#8221; said <strong>Marin Elisabeth Skidmore<\/strong>, professor in the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences at the University of Illinois. At the same time, however, the researchers also noted how some good agricultural practices can effectively help curb the phenomenon.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Cover crops, in particular, appear to have a strong impact by once again proving capable of <strong>mitigating the negative effects<\/strong> of climate change.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;We find that a hydrologic unit with 10% of cropped area planted in winter <strong>cover crops<\/strong> will experience a 32% lower ammonia spike and a 36% lower phosphorus spike, compared to one with no winter cover crops,&#8221; the study says. &#8220;This beneficial effect of cover crops even persists to end-of-season phosphorus concentrations.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"sULNpP1dks\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/cover-crops-vines-herbicides\/\">Cover crops are a sustainable solution for vines<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Cover crops are a sustainable solution for vines&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/cover-crops-vines-herbicides\/embed\/#?secret=QJW7OTrpGG#?secret=sULNpP1dks\" data-secret=\"sULNpP1dks\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Cover crops are an essential resource<\/h5>\n<p>The research brings the role of cover crops back into the spotlight. In 2022, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0167198723002726?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by the <strong>University of C\u00f3rdoba<\/strong>, Spain, showed how their use <strong>drastically reduces<\/strong> <strong>organic carbon loss by strengthening the structure<\/strong> and cohesion of soil particles. The investigation focused on olive groves in Andalusia, which, the researchers <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/olive-crops-mediterranean-carbon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">noted<\/a>, have high erosion rates due to a combination of factors that includes heavy rainfall and conventional tillage.<\/p>\n<p>In the soils examined, the scientists recalled, cover crops had been responsible for an average of <strong>36.7 percent reduction in runoff and 85.5 percent reduction in erosion<\/strong>. The practice also had reduced sediment-associated carbon loss <strong>by 76.4 percent<\/strong>. Providing far greater protection from the effects of rainfall than was found in soils subject to traditional tillage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to a U.S. study, the application of cover crops on a share of cultivated land reduces the maximum concentration of ammonia and phosphorus by more than 30 percent. Whose accumulation is favored by floods<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":30966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,134],"tags":[190,153,220,187,239,223,188,163],"class_list":["post-30913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultural-industry","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-best-practice-en","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-crops","tag-hydrogeological-instability","tag-research","tag-usa-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cover crops are a barrier against agriculture-based pollution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Analyzing 10 years of rainfall data, researchers from University of Illinois highlighted the effectiveness of cover crops\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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