{"id":29025,"date":"2023-11-21T11:00:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-21T10:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/tempeste-sabbia-danni\/"},"modified":"2023-11-21T12:31:00","modified_gmt":"2023-11-21T11:31:00","slug":"storms-sand-damage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/storms-sand-damage\/","title":{"rendered":"Growing sandstorms. 25% are human-related"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"lRu31\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">UNCCD: The problem of sand and dust storms is exacerbated by poor land and water management, drought and climate change.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">Choosing the correct agricultural practices can stem them<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Emanuele Isonio<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In different areas of the world they are known by many names: <strong>sirocco, haboob, yellow dust, white storms or Harmattan.<\/strong> All terms that indicate sand and dust storms (known on a technical level with the acronym of SDS, Sand and Dust Storms). A natural and seasonal phenomenon that is certainly not new. But, decade after decade, they are increasing. Aggravated by<strong> poor land and water management,<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/flash-droughts-climate-research\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>drought<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/drought-carbon-invertebrates-soil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>climate change.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This was recalled by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unccd.int\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>UNCCD<\/strong><\/a>, the UN Convention on the fight against desertification, in a meeting that took place in recent days in <strong>Samarkand<\/strong>, <strong>Uzbekistan<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/cric21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">during the meeting<\/a> called to take stock of global progress in the implementation of the convention.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"XjmS7z5y48\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/flash-droughts-climate-research\/\">Flash droughts are becoming the new normal<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Flash droughts are becoming the new normal&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/flash-droughts-climate-research\/embed\/#?secret=5JlZQy6HES#?secret=XjmS7z5y48\" data-secret=\"XjmS7z5y48\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5 class=\"lRu31\"><strong><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">An underestimated phenomenon<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<div class=\"lRu31\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">According to the United Nations body, SDS is an underestimated problem and is now &#8220;dramatically&#8221; more frequent, especially in some places in the world.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">In some areas, dust from SDS has<strong> doubled over the last century.<\/strong><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">Among other things, 25% of episodes are attributable to human activities.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"lRu31\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">The UNCCD estimates that around <strong>2 billion tonnes of sand<\/strong> and dust enter the atmosphere every year, an amount equal in weight to <strong>350 Great Pyramids<\/strong> of Giza.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"lRu31\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">The latest statistics released via the UNCCD&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/data.unccd.int\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new data dashboard<\/a> show that the world is now losing nearly <strong>1 million square kilometers of healthy,<\/strong> <strong>productive<\/strong> <strong>land<\/strong> every year.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">About 4.2 million square kilometers between 2015 and 2019, roughly the combined area of five Central Asian nations: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p>\u201cThe sight of dark clouds of sand and dust swallowing everything in their path and turning day into night is one of nature&#8217;s most intimidating sights. It is a costly phenomenon that wreaks havoc everywhere, from North and Central Asia to sub-Saharan Africa\u201d, underlines<strong> Ibrahim Thiaw<\/strong>, Executive Secretary of the UNCCD. &#8220;Sand and dust storms also pose <strong>a formidable challenge<\/strong> to achieving sustainable development. Human activities exacerbate them but can also reduce them&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, fluctuations in intensity, magnitude, or duration \u201ccan make SDS <strong>unpredictable and dangerous<\/strong>.&#8221; Also because their impact is absolutely not limited to the countries in which they are born and developed.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_29021\" style=\"width: 862px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29021\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29021\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-21-alle-11.57.05.png\" alt=\"Il ciclo delle polveri, loro componenti, fattori di controllo e impatti sulle radiazioni e sulle nuvole. FONTE: Sand and dust storms compendium, Unccd 2022.\" width=\"852\" height=\"732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-21-alle-11.57.05.png 852w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-21-alle-11.57.05-300x258.png 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-21-alle-11.57.05-768x660.png 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-21-alle-11.57.05-705x606.png 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 852px) 100vw, 852px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-29021\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">The dust cycle, their components, controlling factors and impacts on radiation and clouds.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">SOURCE: Sand and dust storms compendium, Unccd 2022.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<h5 class=\"lRu31\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">Not only arid areas are affected<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u201cDust and sand storms have become increasingly frequent and severe with substantial transboundary impacts. They influence various aspects of the environment, climate, health, agriculture, livelihoods and socioeconomic well-being of individuals, with impacts that can be significant,\u201d says <strong>Feras Ziadat,<\/strong> FAO technical officer and president of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/land-and-life\/sand-and-dust-storms\/coalition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Nations Coalition for the fight against SDS.<\/a> \u201cIn the areas of origin, they damage <strong>crops<\/strong>, affect <strong>livestock<\/strong> and devastate the <strong>soil<\/strong>. In depositional areas, atmospheric dust, especially in combination with local industrial pollution, can cause or worsen human health problems such as <strong>respiratory diseases<\/strong>. Communications, <strong>energy<\/strong> production, <strong>transportation<\/strong> and supply chains can also be disrupted by poor visibility and mechanical failures caused by dust.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Obviously, sand and dust storms are common in arid areas with dust often <strong>transported over great distances.<\/strong> They are in fact capable of traveling thousands of kilometers, well beyond international borders. But, in addition to low latitudes and subhumid areas where there is little or no plant cover, SDS can also occur in other environments, including agricultural areas and high-latitude humid regions, when specific atmospheric and wind conditions coincide. Such storms are important for the functioning of ecosystems, but they also create numerous risks for <strong>society<\/strong>, in <strong>agriculture<\/strong> and <strong>other<\/strong> <strong>socioeconomic<\/strong> <strong>sectors<\/strong>. Yields and <strong>productivity of crops,<\/strong> trees, pastures and livestock are negatively affected. And it won&#8217;t get any better in the future. With climate change, droughts and changes in land use are expected to increase the frequency and risk of SDS.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_29007\" style=\"width: 1040px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29007\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29007\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54-1030x696.png\" alt=\"Distribuzione geografica del carico di polveri immesse in atmosfera dalle tempste di sabbia. FONTE: Sand and dust storms in the MENA Region, World Bank 2019.\" width=\"1030\" height=\"696\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54-1030x696.png 1030w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54-768x519.png 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54-1536x1039.png 1536w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54-1500x1014.png 1500w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54-705x477.png 705w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Schermata-2023-11-20-alle-17.42.54.png 1538w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1030px) 100vw, 1030px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-29007\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">Geographical distribution of the dust load released into the atmosphere by sand storms.<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">SOURCE: Sand and dust storms in the MENA Region, World Bank 2019.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<h5 class=\"lRu31\"><span class=\"HwtZe\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"jCAhz ChMk0b\"><span class=\"ryNqvb\">Millionaire economic costs<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>With them, the economic damage will obviously also increase. For example, they cost the oil sector in <strong>Kuwait<\/strong> around $190 million a year. A single SDS event in 2009 caused an estimated $229 million to $243 million in damage in <strong>Australia<\/strong>. The UNCCD also recalls that the drying of the <strong>Aral Sea<\/strong>, located on the border between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, emits more than 100 million tons of dust and poisonous salts every year, generating losses equal to 44 million dollars per year. year.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/documents-reports\/documentdetail\/483941576489819272\/sand-and-dust-storms-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-mena-region-sources-costs-and-solutions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Bank report<\/a> reveals that, in <strong>MENA countries<\/strong> alone (Middle East and North Africa), SDS produce annual economic damage of <strong>150 billion dollars,<\/strong> equal to <strong>2.5% of regional GDP.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>agricultural sector<\/strong> is obviously one of those that suffers the <strong>greatest costs<\/strong> from SDS, due to the destruction or reduction of crops, the death of animals or the <strong>reduction of milk or meat<\/strong> yields and damage to infrastructure. For <strong>annual crops,<\/strong> losses are due to burial of seedlings or crops under sand deposits, loss of plant tissue, and reduced photosynthetic activity. This can lead to <strong>partial or total crop loss<\/strong> in a region, with long-term effects on some perennial crops due to tree or crop damage.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"HgW1HPUtOr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/europe-summer-drought\/\">Europe faces four unexpected effects of drought<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Europe faces four unexpected effects of drought&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/europe-summer-drought\/embed\/#?secret=cwO6DLHrkk#?secret=HgW1HPUtOr\" data-secret=\"HgW1HPUtOr\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5><strong>Interventi multisettoriali e sistemi di allerta precoce<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Una nota positiva \u00e8 che la polvere trasportata dalle tempeste <strong>pu\u00f2 contenere nutrienti<\/strong> del suolo come azoto, fosforo e potassio, nonch\u00e9 carbonio organico. Alcuni luoghi traggono vantaggio da questa deposizione di nutrienti sulla terra. Una volta depositati, questi possono fornire nutrienti alle <strong>colture sottovento o alle aree di pascolo<\/strong>. Ma tali benefici limitati, tuttavia, sono di gran lunga controbilanciati dai danni arrecati.<\/p>\n<p>Per far fronte al problema, secondo l&#8217;Unccd sono necessarie <strong>diverse misure<\/strong>: serve in primo luogo un <strong>approccio multisettoriale,<\/strong> basato sulla condivisione delle informazioni. Occorre poi intervenire ripristinando i territori colpiti dalle tempeste di sabbia, utilizzando<strong> pratiche di gestione del suo<\/strong>lo e dell&#8217;acqua per proteggere i suoli e aumentare la copertura vegetale, che hanno dimostrato di ridurre significativamente l&#8217;estensione e la vulnerabilit\u00e0 delle aree di origine e di ridurre l&#8217;intensit\u00e0 dei tipici eventi SDS.<\/p>\n<p>Un aspetto particolarmente cruciale riguarda ovviamente le <strong>pratiche agricole<\/strong>: cos\u00ec come una cattiva agricoltura pu\u00f2 aumentare la frequenza delle tempeste di sabbia, al contrario le scelte agricole virtuose possono infatti ostacolarle. Altrettanto importante \u00e8 costruire un <strong>sistema di allerta precoce e di monitoraggio<\/strong>, basandosi su conoscenze aggiornate sui rischi e previsioni, con la partecipazione di tutte le parti interessate (comprese le popolazioni a rischio) per garantire che gli allarmi siano forniti in modo tempestivo e mirato.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>UNCCD: The problem of sand and dust storms is exacerbated by poor land and water management, drought and climate change. Choosing the correct agricultural practices can stem them<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":29027,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[190,222,229],"class_list":["post-29025","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-desertification","tag-drought"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Growing sandstorms. 25% are human-related<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The UNCCD: the sand released into the atmosphere by storms is equal to 350 Pyramids of Giza per year. 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