{"id":26572,"date":"2023-07-10T11:00:13","date_gmt":"2023-07-10T09:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=26572"},"modified":"2023-07-11T16:37:57","modified_gmt":"2023-07-11T14:37:57","slug":"chinese-study-bacteria-biocrusts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/chinese-study-bacteria-biocrusts\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinese study unravels the mysteries of biocrusts"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Researchers have shown how surface biocrusts protect subsoil microorganisms by increasing their diversity and stability which benefit the soil<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Widespread in arid or semi-arid lands, soil <strong>biocrusts<\/strong> are a particularly valuable natural resource. Crucial in fact is the role of its hosts, namely fungi, lichens and microbes. These communities of microorganisms are the ones that maintain the function of ecosystems. But the dynamics behind them are still unclear.<\/p>\n<p>Unraveling part of these mechanisms is a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11104-023-06071-x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by the <strong>Chinese Academy of Sciences<\/strong> that sequenced long-term restoration processes in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. The researchers, led by scientist <strong>Li Xinrong<\/strong> of the Academy&#8217;s Northwest Institute of Ecoenvironment and Resources, highlighted the drivers of changes in subsurface bacterial communities. And the influence played by the crusts above them.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"0kUrMcg5WB\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-change-biological-crusts\/\">The world may lose biological crusts due to climate change<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;The world may lose biological crusts due to climate change&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-change-biological-crusts\/embed\/#?secret=h7q3ItCNEl#?secret=0kUrMcg5WB\" data-secret=\"0kUrMcg5WB\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Biological crusts are a crucial junction between soil and atmosphere<\/h5>\n<p>&#8220;Biocrusts cover approximately 30% of the global <strong>dryland<\/strong> surface area, constituting a crucial atmosphere\u2013soil interface,&#8221; says the study published in the journal Plant and Soil. &#8220;Bacteria living at this interface participate in almost all biogeochemical cycling processes that may profoundly alter soil and ecosystem multifunctionality and <strong>speed up ecosystem restoration<\/strong>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The researchers, says a <a href=\"https:\/\/english.cas.cn\/newsroom\/research_news\/earth\/202306\/t20230630_333047.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, conducted molecular-level analyses to reveal the relationships between the diversity, complexity and stability of <strong>soil bacterial communities<\/strong> and the changes detected in both the crust and subsurface layers. In both layers, the study showed, bacterial diversity and dissimilarity increased as vegetation was restored over time, positively impacting soil quality and function.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Gdy2FKrl1M\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/mosses-research-soil-health\/\">Mosses are an amazing ally for soil health<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Mosses are an amazing ally for soil health&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/mosses-research-soil-health\/embed\/#?secret=fNQIqYudx1#?secret=Gdy2FKrl1M\" data-secret=\"Gdy2FKrl1M\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The study<\/h5>\n<p>By analyzing the successions of strata and related bacteria, lichens and mosses over a period of 65 years, scientists observed <strong>changes in the diversity of microorganisms<\/strong> at the surface and at depth. &#8220;In particular, the subsoil bacterial network properties, including nodes, links, average links per node, average clustering coefficient, connectance and relative modularity, were significantly higher than those of biocrust in late succession.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The investigation thus demonstrated the ability of the crust <strong>to influence the characteristics of the subsurface <\/strong>bacterial community.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The scientists found &#8220;that succession, soil <strong>physicochemical conditions<\/strong>, and biocrust bacterial community composition were the strongest direct drivers of subsoil bacterial community composition.&#8221; Moreover, \u201cThe plant communities and biocrust bacterial community composition directly drove the network complexity and stability of the subsoil bacterial community.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"MVRHGCzjGG\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/sand-cellulose-china-desert\/\">China is fighting desertification by adding cellulose to sand<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;China is fighting desertification by adding cellulose to sand&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/sand-cellulose-china-desert\/embed\/#?secret=a4zo2IbW5g#?secret=MVRHGCzjGG\" data-secret=\"MVRHGCzjGG\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The world is at risk of losing up to 40 percent of its crusts<\/h5>\n<p>What emerges, in short, is the importance of biological crusts in protecting subsurface microorganisms by promoting their increased diversity and stability to the benefit of the soil itself. In light of all this, the widespread concern about <strong>the health of these peculiar surface layers<\/strong> of soil assumes even greater significance. Biocrusts, in fact, appear to be in danger.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Early last year, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.2120975119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> by the <strong>U.S. Geological Survey<\/strong> highlighted how <strong>climate change<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-change-biological-crusts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is impacting<\/a> the crusts themselves.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Analyzing some surface areas in the expanses of Canyonlands National Park, Utah, scientists recorded a dramatic decline in the presence of lichens, a phenomenon linked to rising temperatures that threatens the survival of the crust. In the absence of global climate mitigation strategies, the authors concluded, the world risks <strong>losing 25 percent to 40 percent of its crusts<\/strong> by 2070.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers have shown how surface biocrusts protect subsoil microorganisms by increasing their diversity and stability which benefit the soil<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":26576,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[200,204,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-26572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-biodiversity","tag-ecosystems","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chinese study unravels 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