{"id":25373,"date":"2023-05-11T11:00:42","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T09:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/spettroscopia-analisi-del-suolo\/"},"modified":"2023-05-16T09:48:13","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T07:48:13","slug":"spectroscopy-soil-analysis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/spectroscopy-soil-analysis\/","title":{"rendered":"Spectroscopy offers new opportunities for soil analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>A research from the University of Katowice opens new perspectives in the field of soil analysis. Through spectroscopy, researchers were able to determine the presence and concentration of key elements in soil<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Soil analysis, a crucial strategy for proper planning of agricultural planning strategies, does not have to go through time-consuming laboratory surveys. In fact, a quicker but no less effective technique can be used to obtain reliable soil profiling: near-infrared reflectance <strong>spectroscopy<\/strong>. This is suggested by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0039914022005458?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> from the <strong>University of Silesia in Katowice<\/strong>, Poland, published in the journal Talanta.<\/p>\n<p>Spectroscopy is a technique for delineating the chemical composition of a substance from analysis of the variation in the spectrum of light passing through it. The investigation led to the application of this method on samples of a soil type classified as Haplic Luvisol. This <a href=\"https:\/\/esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/projects\/Soil_Atlas\/Download\/89.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is described<\/a> by the European Soil Atlas as &#8220;a well-developed soil whose main pedological characteristic is the formation of the argic sub surface horizon through the destruction and movement (eluviation and translocation) of <strong>silicate clay<\/strong> from the surface topsoil layer.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"eN8Gy7Z8mr\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/light-carbon-africa\/\">Low cost technology helps African farmers to measure carbon in soil<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Low cost technology helps African farmers to measure carbon in soil&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/light-carbon-africa\/embed\/#?secret=ECesEvtGrx#?secret=eN8Gy7Z8mr\" data-secret=\"eN8Gy7Z8mr\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The study<\/h5>\n<p>Using also partial regression statistical models, researchers were able to predict the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, chromium, zinc, manganese and iron in <strong>soil samples<\/strong>. &#8220;A total of 234 soil samples were investigated, and their reflectance spectra were recorded in the spectral range of 1100\u20132500 nm,&#8221; the study states.<\/p>\n<p>Further, &#8220;The optimal spectral preprocessing was selected among <strong>56 different scenarios<\/strong> considering the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP). The partial robust M-regression method (PRM) was used to handle the outlying samples.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>PRM is a <strong>statistical method<\/strong> that complements others such as partial least squares regression (PLSR) and, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spectroscopyonline.com\/view\/near-infrared-spectroscopy-enables-high-throughput-monitoring-of-soil-elements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the magazine <em>Spectroscopy<\/em><\/a> &#8211; is particularly useful in weighting so-called outlier samples that can adversely affect the performance of other models.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_25143\" style=\"width: 1186px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25143\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25143\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-A.jpg\" alt=\"La spettroscopia pu\u00f2 essere utilizzata efficacemente per analizzare il suolo. Fonte: S. Krzebietke et al., &quot;Monitoring the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe in cultivated Haplic Luvisol soils using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and chemometrics&quot;, Talanta Volume 251, 1 January 2023, 123749 https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0039914022005458?via%3Dihub Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\" width=\"1176\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-A.jpg 1176w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-A-300x176.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-A-1030x603.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-A-768x449.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-A-705x412.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1176px) 100vw, 1176px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-25143\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spectroscopy can be effectively used to analyze soil. Source: S. Krzebietke et al., &#8220;Monitoring the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe in cultivated Haplic Luvisol soils using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and chemometrics&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0039914022005458?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Talanta Volume 251, 1 January 2023, 123749<\/a> Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>Results<\/h5>\n<p>The study provided reliable detection of the presence of the elements. &#8220;The results of this study indicated that <strong>the spectra of Haplic Luvisol soil samples<\/strong>, collected between 1100 and 2500 nm, contained much relevant information which can be used for monitoring Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Mn, and Fe at low concentrations.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In particular, the authors say, &#8220;tThe most promising models were obtained for estimating <strong>the amount of Cu<\/strong> (using PRM) and Pb (using the classic Partial Least Squares (PLS)), leading to RMSEP expressed as a percentage of the response range, equal to 9.63% and 11.5%, respectively.&#8221; In addition, \u201cfavorable PLS models were also built for Zn, Mn, and Fe.\u201d<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_25145\" style=\"width: 1055px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25145\" class=\"size-full wp-image-25145\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-B.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019applicazione di modelli statistici in combinazione con la spettroscopia permette di valutare la concentrazione dei diversi elementi nel suolo. Fonte: S. Krzebietke et al., &quot;Monitoring the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe in cultivated Haplic Luvisol soils using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and chemometrics&quot;, Talanta Volume 251, 1 January 2023, 123749 https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0039914022005458?via%3Dihub Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)\" width=\"1045\" height=\"689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-B.jpg 1045w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-B-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-B-1030x679.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-B-768x506.jpg 768w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/spettroscopia-B-705x465.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1045px) 100vw, 1045px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-25145\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The application of statistical models in combination with spectroscopy makes it possible to assess the concentration of different elements in the soil. Source: S. Krzebietke et al., &#8220;Monitoring the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cr, Zn, Mn and Fe in cultivated Haplic Luvisol soils using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and chemometrics&#8221;, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0039914022005458?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Talanta Volume 251, 1 January 2023, 123749<\/a> Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>New frontiers for soil analysis<\/h5>\n<p>The research thus opens up new perspectives in the promising field of soil analysis and, in particular, the measurement of concentrations of its <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/bangladesh-fao-micronutrients-fortified-rice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">key elements<\/a>. Indeed, data-driven detection techniques &#8211; the basis of so-called precision agriculture &#8211; make it possible to monitor <strong>soil composition<\/strong> in real time, the US journal further says. Especially using remote monitoring technologies like drones, aircraft, balloons or satellites.<\/p>\n<p>Significantly, the scientists finally remark, the analytical methods used in the study proved effective on a type of soil that is widespread in the Planet. &#8220;Considering the significant representation of Haplic Luvisol soils worldwide (ca. <strong>5% of the total area<\/strong>) and in Poland (up to 44%) and their arable potential,&#8221; the study states, &#8220;the results are helpful in the international context.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A research from the University of Katowice opens new perspectives in the field of soil analysis. Through spectroscopy, researchers were able to determine the presence and concentration of key elements in soil<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":25375,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[152,134],"tags":[190,239,247,188,186],"class_list":["post-25373","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-innovation-technology","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-crops","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Spectroscopy offers new opportunities for soil analysis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Spectroscopy reveals the chemical composition of a soil sample based on the variation of the spectrum of light passing through it\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/spectroscopy-soil-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spectroscopy offers new opportunities for soil analysis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Spectroscopy reveals the chemical composition of a soil sample based on the variation of the spectrum of light passing through it\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/innovation-technology\/spectroscopy-soil-analysis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Re Soil Foundation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/resoilfoundation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-11T09:00:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-16T07:48:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/analisi-suolo-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"799\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"533\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@re_soil\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Matteo Cavallito\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/spectroscopy-soil-analysis\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/spectroscopy-soil-analysis\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Matteo Cavallito\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9deaff5320c99714a3a7944e4b7c8fbe\"},\"headline\":\"Spectroscopy offers new opportunities for soil analysis\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-11T09:00:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-16T07:48:13+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/spectroscopy-soil-analysis\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":666,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/en\\\/innovation-technology\\\/spectroscopy-soil-analysis\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/resoilfoundation.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/05\\\/analisi-suolo-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"agriculture\",\"crops\",\"monitoraggio\",\"research\",\"soil\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Innovation &amp; 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