{"id":24137,"date":"2023-03-20T11:00:15","date_gmt":"2023-03-20T10:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/fosforo-co2-rese-agricole\/"},"modified":"2023-03-20T19:45:29","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T18:45:29","slug":"phosphorus-co2-rice-crops","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/phosphorus-co2-rice-crops\/","title":{"rendered":"CO2 emissions reduce soil phosphorus and put rice crops at risk"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>According to an international study, soil phosphorus is reduced due to prolonged exposure to high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. The resulting decline in paddy field yields is a threat to food security<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere could result in <strong>reduced phosphorus<\/strong> in paddy fields threatening the security of food supplies in the future. This is the hypothesis advanced by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41561-022-01105-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study<\/a> by a group of researchers from Australia, Spain, Canada, the United States, France and China published in the journal Nature Geoscience.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur research suggests that a reduction in <strong>rice yields<\/strong> could be particularly acute in low-income countries under future CO2 scenarios without the input of additional phosphorus fertilizers to compensate, despite the potentially reduced global risk for phosphorus pollution,\u201d <a href=\"https:\/\/ocm.auburn.edu\/newsroom\/news_articles\/2023\/02\/030836-phosphorus-shortage.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a> <strong>Dengjun (Kevin) Wang<\/strong>, an assistant professor of aquatic chemistry in the Auburn University College of Agriculture\u2019s School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"zM7afz5O1C\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/agriculture-dependence-phosphorus\/\">Global agriculture must reduce its dependence on phosphorus<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Global agriculture must reduce its dependence on phosphorus&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/agriculture-dependence-phosphorus\/embed\/#?secret=rwBWF0sRye#?secret=zM7afz5O1C\" data-secret=\"zM7afz5O1C\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Phosphorus presence decreases by more than 20 percent<\/h5>\n<p>Wang and his colleagues examined several measurements collected during <strong>two long-term experiments<\/strong> that lasted nine and 15 years, respectively. Specifically, the authors estimated the presence of phosphorus in soil following a free-air carbon dioxide enrichment intervention.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Although no changes were observed in the initial year of the experiments, by the end of the experiments soil <strong>available phosphorus<\/strong> had declined by<strong> more than 20%: 26.9% and 21.0%<\/strong> for 15 and 9 years, respectively,&#8221; the research states.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>According to the study, the loss can be explained by the production of organic phosphorus in the soil, which is not readily available to plants, and <strong>increased removal of the element<\/strong> through harvest. Increased transfers of organic, biochemical and chemical phosphorus, thus linked to fertilizer use, would not be sufficient to compensate for the long-term reduction. A phenomenon that is bound to become more acute with climate change.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"VRruP0h5Zc\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/cassava-brazil-soil-health\/\">Phosphorus and liming benefit cassava and ensure food security, researchers say<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Phosphorus and liming benefit cassava and ensure food security, researchers say&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/cassava-brazil-soil-health\/embed\/#?secret=70PjlcULDs#?secret=VRruP0h5Zc\" data-secret=\"VRruP0h5Zc\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A concern for food safety<\/h5>\n<p>The results show an obvious concern, says in a <a href=\"https:\/\/delegacion.catalunya.csic.es\/una-alta-concentracion-de-co2-en-la-atmosfera-empobrece-las-tierras-de-cultivo-de-arroz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement<\/a> the Spanish Higher Council of Scientific Research, a public research organization involved in the survey. CO2 in the air is <strong>the main source of carbon<\/strong> for crops. Its high concentration in the atmosphere, however, limits the long-term presence in the soil of phosphorus, which is an essential element for plant metabolism and growth in agricultural soils.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;When there is a high concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, plants take advantage of its fertilizing effect in the short term,&#8221; explains <strong>Josep Pe\u00f1uelas<\/strong>, one of the authors. &#8220;Over time, however, phosphorus is no longer available and the soil becomes depleted, compromising plant growth.&#8221; The result is <strong>less food security<\/strong>, especially considering factors such as the global population growth and the central role of rice in the global diet.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"yzGFF6p9SF\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/food-safety-the-solution-lies-in-soil-microbes\/\">Food safety: the solution lies in soil microbes<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Food safety: the solution lies in soil microbes&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/food-safety-the-solution-lies-in-soil-microbes\/embed\/#?secret=JTpahY6CQH#?secret=yzGFF6p9SF\" data-secret=\"yzGFF6p9SF\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Consequences for poorer countries<\/h5>\n<p>Reduced agricultural yields in paddy fields, the researchers argue, would be most felt in <strong>low-income countries<\/strong>, further widening economic inequality as a result, ultimately, of rising CO2 emissions. Fifty-five percent of the large rice paddy areas in China and India will experience increased risk of yield reduction.<\/p>\n<p>In relative terms, poor nations &#8211; especially those in Southeast Asia, Central and South America, Africa, and the Middle East &#8211; will experience more critical situations. In these countries, the share of paddy fields at greater risk of yield reduction <strong>could reach 70 percent<\/strong>, compared with 52 percent found in middle- and high-income countries.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"PkJB23cbo1\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fao-soil-nutrients-food-crisis\/\">FAO: &#8220;Soil protection is the first response to the global food crisis&#8221;<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;FAO: &#8220;Soil protection is the first response to the global food crisis&#8221;&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fao-soil-nutrients-food-crisis\/embed\/#?secret=KDni54dEwR#?secret=PkJB23cbo1\" data-secret=\"PkJB23cbo1\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>It&#8217;s not just the CO2<\/h5>\n<p>The phenomenon of phosphorus reduction, in any case, is not only affected by CO2 exposure. Also crucial, in fact, is the deterioration of soil health. In 2020, for example, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unibas.ch\/en\/News-Events\/News\/Uni-Research\/Worldwide-loss-of-phosphorus-due-to-soil-erosion-quantified-for-the-first-time0.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a survey<\/a> sponsored by the <strong>University of Basel<\/strong> revealed that <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/sos-phosphorus-agriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than 50 percent<\/a> of the global phosphorus loss in agriculture is caused by <strong>soil degradation<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Erosion, in particular, <strong>leaches phosphorus<\/strong> from farmland to wetlands, streams and watersheds thereby damaging their ecosystem. The high content of the element in water &#8211; as reported by already available global data &#8211; reflects the loss of the element from soils.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>According to an international study, soil phosphorus is reduced due to prolonged exposure to high levels of CO2 in the atmosphere. The resulting decline in paddy field yields is a threat to food security<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":24140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,134],"tags":[190,201,220,187,239,237,186],"class_list":["post-24137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultural-industry","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-asia-en","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-crops","tag-organic-matter","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>CO2 emissions reduce soil phosphorus and put rice crops at risk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Increased atmospheric CO2 reduces the abundance of organic phosphorus along with soil fertility, a research explains\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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