{"id":23681,"date":"2023-02-22T11:22:29","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T10:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/feci-urine-umane-alternativa-fertilizzanti\/"},"modified":"2023-02-24T11:45:46","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T10:45:46","slug":"feces-urine-human-alternative-fertilizers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/feces-urine-human-alternative-fertilizers\/","title":{"rendered":"Toilets may provide an alternative to chemical fertilizers"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>By recycling human manure it is possible to produce natural fertilizers that provide identical yields as chemical equivalents, a German research has found. No risk of drug contamination, the authors explain. But further studies are needed<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Emanuele Isonio<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The answer to the demand for natural, low-cost <strong>fertilizers<\/strong> could lie in our toilets, according to a German <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fenvs.2022.1038175\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> published in the journal Frontiers in Environmental Science. Human excreta &#8211; when properly treated &#8211; represent an excellent and safe resource for crops, the authors say, thanks to the abundance of essential elements such as <strong>nitrogen<\/strong> and <strong>potassium<\/strong>, boron, zinc, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, which are capable of feeding the soil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Franziska H\u00e4fner<\/strong>, a young researcher at the University of Hohenheim, Germany and co-author of the research, is convinced of this. Products derived by recycling our &#8220;waste,&#8221; she explains in a <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2023-01-toilets-yield-excellent-alternatives-widespread.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release<\/a>, &#8220;are viable and safe fertilizers,&#8221; which don&#8217;t pose &#8220;any risk regarding transmission of pathogens or pharmaceuticals.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"LLV7RrIUtp\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fertilizers-fao-soil-africa\/\">Soil mapping means more information and less fertilizers<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Soil mapping means more information and less fertilizers&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fertilizers-fao-soil-africa\/embed\/#?secret=y3bGEUjrG9#?secret=LLV7RrIUtp\" data-secret=\"LLV7RrIUtp\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The research on fertilizers<\/h5>\n<p>Working on cabbage crops at an experimental site characterized among <strong>different kind of soils<\/strong> (sandy, loamy and silty) at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leibniz-gemeinschaft.de\/en\/institutes\/leibniz-institutes-all-lists\/leibniz-institute-of-vegetable-and-ornamental-crops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops<\/a> in Gro\u00dfbeeren, near Berlin, the authors applied three different recycling fertilizers: &#8220;Two <strong>nitrified urine<\/strong> fertilizers (NUFs) and one <strong>fecal compost<\/strong> were applied alone or in combination, and compared against the commercial organic fertilizer vinasse.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The two nitrate-containing substances, the study says, &#8220;resulted in <strong>marketable yields similar<\/strong> to those of vinasse in all soil types. Combining fecal compost with a NUF led to increased marketable yield compared to compost alone. The highest yield was recorded from the sandy soil, where vinasse and NUF treatments led to comparable yields, as expected in organic productions systems.&#8221; In conclusion, the authors note, &#8220;NUF alone appears to be <strong>a promising successful fertilizer substitute<\/strong> in horticultural food production.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"wf7Ds4eF6y\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/china-soil-pollution\/\">China launches a new initiative against soil pollution<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;China launches a new initiative against soil pollution&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/china-soil-pollution\/embed\/#?secret=uuSqJg53ro#?secret=wf7Ds4eF6y\" data-secret=\"wf7Ds4eF6y\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>No real risk to human health according to the authors<\/h5>\n<p>During the investigation, scientists also tested the safety of products. Among the NUFs, in particular, they examined <strong>Aurin<\/strong>, a product recently approved for use in agriculture in Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Austria, and <strong>CROP<\/strong> (Combined Regenerative Organic Food Production), a product developed by the Institute of Medicine of the German Aerospace Center to recycle wastewater on on Moon bases.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Aurin production involves <strong>filtering and removing<\/strong> traces of most drugs and <strong>pathogens<\/strong> found in human urine. The purification system used to produce CROP, the authors say, is still under development. Therefore, a special version derived from sterile synthetic urine was used during the experiment.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Analysis of the fecal compost revealed a minimal presence of some drugs. Two of these, <strong>ibuprofen<\/strong>, a painkiller, and <strong>carbamazepine<\/strong>, a mood stabilizer, were detectable in the edible parts of the cabbage but at definitely low concentrations, ranging <strong>from 1.05 to 2.8 micrograms per kg<\/strong>. &#8220;This means that more than half a million cabbage heads would need to be eaten to accumulate a dose equivalent to one carbamazepine pill,&#8221; the scientists explained.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"1FiMKRy9PF\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/artificial-intelligence-fertilizer\/\">Artificial intelligence can reduce fertilizer use, UK researchers say<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Artificial intelligence can reduce fertilizer use, UK researchers say&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/artificial-intelligence-fertilizer\/embed\/#?secret=2oLuKaE7mH#?secret=1FiMKRy9PF\" data-secret=\"1FiMKRy9PF\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A circular solution (but new studies are needed)<\/h5>\n<p>According to the authors, the development of this kind of fertilizer would represent <strong>a typical solution based on circularity<\/strong>. &#8220;Recycling nutrients is essential for closing nutrient loops within a <strong>circular economy<\/strong>\u201d, the research states. &#8220;Using locally available resources such as human excreta to produce bio-based recycling fertilizers can substitute <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/uk-fertiliser-regenerative-agriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mineral fertilizers<\/a> and thereby promote environmentally friendly food production.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>According to <strong>Ariane Krause<\/strong>, one of the study&#8217;s authors, the proven effectiveness of these products could inspire strong growth in their use in the future. &#8220;If correctly prepared and quality-controlled, <strong>up to 25% of conventional synthetic mineral fertilizers<\/strong> in Germany could be replaced,&#8221; she explained in the released by Frontiers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In any case, the authors admit, new research is now needed. The risk to human health, as mentioned, seems low. But the <strong>impact on the soil<\/strong> of trace drugs in fertilizers, albeit to a small extent, still needs to be investigated. &#8220;The consequences of long-term application of fecal compost requires <strong>further investigation<\/strong>, particularly regarding the preservation of soil multi-functionality,&#8221; the study concludes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By recycling human manure it is possible to produce natural fertilizers that provide identical yields as chemical equivalents, a German research has found. No risk of drug contamination, the authors explain. But further studies are needed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23684,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,134],"tags":[190,267,161,239,221,188,186],"class_list":["post-23681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultural-industry","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-bioeconomia-circolare-en","tag-composting","tag-crops","tag-food","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Toilets may provide an alternative to chemical fertilizers<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"By recycling human manure it is possible to produce natural fertilizers that provide identical yields as chemicals, a research has found\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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