{"id":23455,"date":"2023-02-13T11:00:21","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T10:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/agricoltura-mista-ue\/"},"modified":"2023-02-17T10:02:31","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T09:02:31","slug":"mixed-agriculture-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/mixed-agriculture-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"EU agriculture mixes strategies against climate and geopolitical shocks"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Combining different crops and mixing agriculture with livestock and forest management makes it possible to better respond to climate challenges and current crises. From Horizon magazine, a review of two European projects<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mixing different forms of agriculture, <strong>agroforestry<\/strong> and animal farming to counter <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/ukraine-russia-black-soil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">geopolitical<\/a>, macroeconomic and climate shocks. That&#8217;s the choice of some European operators called to find solutions to the current global crises, writes Horizon magazine, a publication of the EU Commission.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The COVID-19 pandemic led to bare shelves in supermarkets as shipping routes were cut off. The war in Ukraine has affected the supply of essential grains,&#8221; says the magazine focused on research and innovation. &#8220;But increased<strong> climate change<\/strong> stands to cause even greater disruption\u201d. Part of the solution, some researchers say, \u201cis for farms to become <strong>more mixed<\/strong> through some combination of crop cultivation, livestock production and forestry, a move that would also make agriculture more sustainable.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"paDnX4HBOo\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/uk-fertiliser-regenerative-agriculture\/\">Fertiliser crisis provides a boost to regenerative agriculture<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Fertiliser crisis provides a boost to regenerative agriculture&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/uk-fertiliser-regenerative-agriculture\/embed\/#?secret=WqMtmWmkCR#?secret=paDnX4HBOo\" data-secret=\"paDnX4HBOo\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The AGROMIX Project<\/h5>\n<p>One of the initiatives is <a href=\"https:\/\/agromixproject.eu\/project\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AGROMIX<\/a>, a project that will end in 2024 and extends over twelve pilot and nine experimental sites spread across three climate zones: Atlantic, inland continental, and Mediterranean. The farms involved, Horizon explains, &#8220;are experimenting with <strong>combining crop and livestock<\/strong> production in one farm (mixed farming) and with pairing farming and forestry activities (agroforestry).&#8221; With excellent results.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201c<strong>Poultry grazing in orchards<\/strong> is an example of a mixed-farming approach,\u201d the magazine says. \u201cThe results reveal interesting synergies and promising effects, including improvements in soil health.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The basic idea is still the same: combine different factors by offsetting negative effects and generating benefits. Maintaining trees and hedges in pastures, for example, contributes to <strong>animal health<\/strong>, especially during warmer periods, by offsetting emissions. And it is always plants that increase the carbon sequestration capacity of the soil and help prevent flooding.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EQQ2HjNy37\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-biodiversity-regenerative-grazing\/\">Climate and biodiversity impact the effect of grazing on soil<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Climate and biodiversity impact the effect of grazing on soil&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-biodiversity-regenerative-grazing\/embed\/#?secret=8KW3zisU73#?secret=EQQ2HjNy37\" data-secret=\"EQQ2HjNy37\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Mixed farming<\/h5>\n<p>Mixed farming ideally stands in contrast to agricultural specialization, the trend established with the development of the agribusiness industry. Mixing different crops or activities, <strong>FAO<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/3\/y0501e\/y0501e03.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">notes<\/a>, inherently produces advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, operators are called upon to balance the different elements to produce the best overall result.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Trees in and on the edge of a crop field generally reduce the grain yield,&#8221; says the UN organization. &#8220;But <strong>the combination of the trees (for fodder and timber)<\/strong> and crops is valuable, because each of the components produces useful products for the farm (people and animals included).&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Mixed farming, the FAO continues, takes on different characteristics depending on the impact of external factors &#8211; climate, market prices, technology &#8211; and internal factors, <strong>such as soil characteristics<\/strong>. &#8220;Farmers can decide to opt for mixed enterprises when they want to save resources by interchanging them on the farm &#8211; because these permit wider <strong>crop rotations<\/strong> and thus reduce dependence on chemicals, because they consider mixed systems closer to nature, or because they allow diversification for better risk management.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2i2C3GhYNe\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/interview-cotrufo-grazing-soil\/\">Grazing land, hidden treasure: &#8220;Adaptive grazing management helps climate and soil&#8221;<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Grazing land, hidden treasure: &#8220;Adaptive grazing management helps climate and soil&#8221;&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/interview-cotrufo-grazing-soil\/embed\/#?secret=TOJ3eg7Ocp#?secret=2i2C3GhYNe\" data-secret=\"2i2C3GhYNe\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p>Agriculture and forests, a winning combination<\/p>\n<p>Another example of positive &#8220;contamination&#8221; of different elements is the <a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/862357\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MIXED<\/a> project at <strong>Aarhus<\/strong> University, in Denmark. The initiative aims to combine mixed, agropastoral and agroforestry systems to make agriculture more efficient and resilient. Inspiring the operation is the experience of traditional agroforestry techniques used in Portugal&#8217;s Tagus Valley: in winter, fields are plowed and sown with cereals. In summer, the land is converted to pasture. The presence of oak trees creates shade and supports the water cycle.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Danish farms in the project have taken a different approach, looking at how farmers can use coppicing to create <strong>a carbon sink<\/strong>&#8220;, writes Horizon. &#8220;Coppicing is a pruning technique that <strong>cuts trees<\/strong> to ground level, causing new shoots to grow rapidly from the base to form a bush&#8221;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Bushes are pruned and spread on the ground, thus creating a natural <strong>mulch<\/strong> while improving soil quality. The ultimate goal of the project is to create a European database of mixed farming and agroforestry practices that can provide useful information and concrete examples to farmers.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"2EW2SEoN5y\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/uk-forests-carbon-sequestration\/\">UK researchers investigate carbon sequestration capacity in forests<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;UK researchers investigate carbon sequestration capacity in forests&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/uk-forests-carbon-sequestration\/embed\/#?secret=898G6uQSC6#?secret=2EW2SEoN5y\" data-secret=\"2EW2SEoN5y\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The benefits of agroforestry<\/h5>\n<p>The benefits of agroforestry &#8211; that is, of establishing an agricultural system that combines traditional activities such as crops and livestock with the planting and management of trees &#8211; has long attracted the interest of experts, not only in the EU. A recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.woodlandtrust.org.uk\/media\/51622\/farming-for-the-future-how-agroforestry-can-deliver-for-nature-climate.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report<\/a> by <strong>Woodland Trust<\/strong>, an organization promoting the restoration of Britain&#8217;s forests, for example, specifically highlighted several benefits associated with the practice.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cBringing more trees into farmed landscapes will make them more resilient economically and environmentally,\u201d says the research. \u201cTrees on farms combine productivity with support for biodiversity, increasing<strong> the carbon stored in the land<\/strong> and helping us meet our commitments on climate and nature.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>On average, cultivated land in the UK releases <strong>nearly 2 tons of CO2<\/strong> per hectare each year; land used for livestock almost four tons. In contrast, the report notes, \u201cOver 30 years, silvoarable systems can sequester the equivalent of <strong>eight tonnes of CO2 per hectare per year<\/strong>.\u201d Moreover, \u201cEstablishing silvopastoral agroforestry on 30% of UK grassland would result in net zero emissions from the grassland sector by 2050, and a net sequestration rate of 21 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year by 2062.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Combining different crops and mixing agriculture with livestock and forest management makes it possible to better respond to climate challenges and current crises. From Horizon magazine, a review of two European projects<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23380,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,134],"tags":[190,153,200,187,239,189,202,221,165,186],"class_list":["post-23455","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultural-industry","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-best-practice-en","tag-biodiversity","tag-climate","tag-crops","tag-european-union","tag-fao-en","tag-food","tag-forests","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EU agriculture mixes strategies against climate shocks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Placing different crops side by side and combining agriculture, livestock and forestry help farmers better respond to climate 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