{"id":23121,"date":"2023-01-24T11:00:35","date_gmt":"2023-01-24T10:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/erbivori-cambiamento-climatico\/"},"modified":"2023-01-24T16:39:51","modified_gmt":"2023-01-24T15:39:51","slug":"herbivores-climate-change","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/herbivores-climate-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Herbivores are a surprising ally of climate and soil"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Far from being destructive, herbivores contribute to climate change mitigation, according to a new research. Their ability to prevent wildfires and return carbon and seeds to the soil is crucial<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Contrary to what you might think, the Earth&#8217;s <strong>large herbivores<\/strong> can play an important role in countering climate change. This is suggested by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0960982222001014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a research<\/a> published in the journal Current Biology. Indeed, the study, taken up by the U.S.-based NGO Mongabay, highlights how these animals end up implementing a number of mechanisms that prove, in their own way, to be effective <strong>mitigation strategies<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Animals, in particular, &#8220;help prevent fires, decrease the amount of solar heat absorbed by the Earth\u2019s surface, and contribute a lot to the long-term storage of carbon in soil,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2022\/12\/counterintuitive-large-wild-herbivores-may-help-slow-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a> <strong>Yadvinder Malhi<\/strong>, an ecosystem expert at the University of Oxford and <strong>lead author<\/strong> of the research. Mammals such as elephants, wildebeests and the like, the organization then notes, &#8220;may be helping, not hindering, our carbon storage efforts.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"gSTWX5sU5Y\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-trees-finland\/\">Forests, climate and carbon storage: the lesson of Finnish trees<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Forests, climate and carbon storage: the lesson of Finnish trees&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-trees-finland\/embed\/#?secret=F2gxWcn9JJ#?secret=gSTWX5sU5Y\" data-secret=\"gSTWX5sU5Y\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>A successful firefighting effort<\/h5>\n<p>Interactions between large animals and climate, the researchers remind, can sometimes be problematic, just like <strong>the complex relationship between fauna and soil<\/strong>, we may say. Emblematic in this regard is the case of the surprising balance established millions of years ago between the soil and colossal herbivores of the time, the dinosaurs. A mysterious ecosystem mechanism that continues <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/dinosaurs-mechanical-threat-soil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to challenge scientists&#8217; understanding<\/a>. Returning to the present day, the research photographs a situation that is surprising in some ways.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>While seemingly destructive to vegetation, in fact, large herbivores appear to have &#8220;<strong>the greatest potential<\/strong> to facilitate <strong>climate change<\/strong> mitigation at a global scale via three mechanisms.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Namely, the scientists explain, &#8220;changes in the <strong>fire regime<\/strong>, expecially in mesic grasslands or warm temperate woodlands.&#8221; But also &#8220;changes in terrestrial <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albedo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">albedo<\/a> and increases in soil <strong>carbon stocks<\/strong>,&#8221; particularly in temperate, tropical and subtropical lowland ecosystems.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"ZNHnfVJCrP\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/deforestation-virtual-reality\/\">It takes a little empathy to fight deforestation<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;It takes a little empathy to fight deforestation&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/deforestation-virtual-reality\/embed\/#?secret=6izWjU5HZW#?secret=ZNHnfVJCrP\" data-secret=\"ZNHnfVJCrP\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The virtuous carbon circle<\/h5>\n<p>According to the study authors, by eating plant material, herbivores remove potential fuel from fires. At the same time, much of the carbon stored in consumed vegetation is quickly <strong>returned to the soil<\/strong> in the form of manure. The decomposition of dung allows the carbon to remain unaltered in the soil even if the flames spread.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In addition, explains <strong>Jens-Christian Svenning<\/strong>, a professor at Aarhus University in Denmark, &#8220;this carbon <strong>may increase the productivity of the soil<\/strong>, allowing many new plants to grow and absorb more CO2.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Recent research, he says, &#8220;also suggests that <strong>grazing<\/strong> by wild herbivores may stimulate the release of substances from roots that stabilize soil carbon.&#8221; Finally, the same food cycle allows animals that consume plant fruits to return the <strong>seeds<\/strong> contained in them to the soil.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"N73Fx35nJG\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-biodiversity-regenerative-grazing\/\">Climate and biodiversity impact the effect of grazing on soil<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Climate and biodiversity impact the effect of grazing on soil&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-biodiversity-regenerative-grazing\/embed\/#?secret=lGMVqVQdI4#?secret=N73Fx35nJG\" data-secret=\"N73Fx35nJG\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Animals are crucial not just in the tropics<\/h5>\n<p>The positive effect of the action of herbivores is not only found in areas characterized by a warm climate. In the <strong>Arctic<\/strong>, for example, these specimens help control the growth of woody plants, preventing them from spreading northward as temperatures rise.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>In their territories, large native or reintroduced grazing animals, such as musk oxen, keep shrubs low, <strong>reducing solar energy absorption<\/strong>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Herbivores, in particular, protect <strong>permafrost<\/strong> by compacting snow with their hooves, reducing its insulating effect and increasing the likelihood that soil temperatures will remain below freezing. In this way, the carbon-rich soil material does not decompose releasing the element into the atmosphere.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"LNgIZtjfBM\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-biodiversity-economy-in-crisis\/\">Twin crises climate &#038; biodiversity loss may cost tens of billions a year<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Twin crises climate &#038; biodiversity loss may cost tens of billions a year&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-biodiversity-economy-in-crisis\/embed\/#?secret=Rr7MgyxdfZ#?secret=LNgIZtjfBM\" data-secret=\"LNgIZtjfBM\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Conservation of herbivores is the key<\/h5>\n<p>In this scenario,<strong>\u00a0conservation<\/strong> plays a crucial role. In the past, scientists note, for example, it is estimated that the extinction of large plant-eating mammals, such as mammoths for example, may have increased the average temperatures recorded in Siberia by 1\u00b0C. More recently, Africa has experienced a sharp decline in the presence of large wild animals, whose numbers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0006320710002739\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">were reportedly reduced by 59 percent<\/a> in protected areas between 1970 and 2005.<\/p>\n<p>Malhi and Svenning, Mongabay reminds us, argue that protecting herbivores and other wildlife will be critical to keeping ecosystems healthy. Doing so will simultaneously counter the <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/climate-biodiversity-economy-in-crisis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">twin crises<\/a> of <strong>biodiversity<\/strong> and <strong>climate<\/strong>. &#8220;With just a few percent of the budget currently available for climate mitigation and adaptation, we could expand existing conservation efforts,&#8221; Malhi explains. &#8220;And also restore large animals where they have disappeared.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Far from being destructive, herbivores contribute to climate change mitigation, according to a new research. Their ability to prevent wildfires and return carbon and seeds to the soil is crucial<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23134,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[176,200,220,187,237,188,186],"class_list":["post-23121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-africa-en","tag-biodiversity","tag-carbon","tag-climate","tag-organic-matter","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Herbivores are a surprising ally of climate and soil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to Oxford research, large herbivores have the greatest potential to facilitate mitigation through three mechanisms\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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