{"id":21482,"date":"2022-11-02T11:00:45","date_gmt":"2022-11-02T10:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/azoto-suolo-inquinamento\/"},"modified":"2022-11-03T18:51:42","modified_gmt":"2022-11-03T17:51:42","slug":"soil-nitrogen-pollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/soil-nitrogen-pollution\/","title":{"rendered":"Soil nitrogen is the one responsible for water pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>During rainy periods soil nitrogen in the soil is channeled into rivers, contributing to their contamination, a research from Nagoya University has found. The investigation thus denies the theory of atmospheric origin of water pollution<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nitrogen that contributes to pollution in waterways during rainy periods comes from the soil, not the sky according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/bg.copernicus.org\/articles\/19\/3247\/2022\/#section4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> by a team of scientists from <strong>Nagoya University<\/strong> in Japan. &#8220;Nitrate is an essential nutrient for plants and phytoplankton,&#8221; the authors <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nagoya-u.ac.jp\/researchinfo\/result-en\/2022\/10\/20221005-02.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explain<\/a>. &#8220;But excessive <strong>nitrate<\/strong> levels in streams can damage water quality, cause eutrophication (the over-enrichment of water by nutrients), and pose health risks to animals and humans.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>However, what are the causes of this phenomenon? There are basically two hypotheses. The first involves <strong>nitrates in the soil<\/strong> that washes into streams; the second assumes that nitrogen compounds from the <strong>atmosphere<\/strong> dissolve with rain, precipitating into rivers and streams. The study by the Japanese team refutes exactly this second theory.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"lZKey3tOzh\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fertilizers-fao-soil-africa\/\">Soil mapping means more information and less fertilizers<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Soil mapping means more information and less fertilizers&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fertilizers-fao-soil-africa\/embed\/#?secret=dCWKE2cWSY#?secret=lZKey3tOzh\" data-secret=\"lZKey3tOzh\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The study<\/h5>\n<p>In order to investigate the causes of excessive nitrogen, the research team conducted a study to analyze changes in the <strong>isotopic composition of nitrates<\/strong> in water. They also analyzed the increase in nitrate concentrations during rainfall.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Previous studies,&#8221; the scientists explain, &#8220;have reported that nitrate concentrations significantly increase during <strong>storms<\/strong> in the streams of the upper <strong>Kajikawa<\/strong> River in Niigata, northwestern Japan.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>To test this hypothesis, the <strong>researchers<\/strong> collected water samples from the catchment area, which includes the upper part of the river . Samples were taken at one-hour intervals for an entire day. The operation, conducted on three different occasions with the presence of heavy rainfall, provided undisputed results.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"LvLEnBuDtc\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/nitrogen-sustainable-agriculture\/\">Double-edged nitrogen is one more reason for a sustainable agriculture<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Double-edged nitrogen is one more reason for a sustainable agriculture&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/nitrogen-sustainable-agriculture\/embed\/#?secret=Yt4pUFOEnL#?secret=LvLEnBuDtc\" data-secret=\"LvLEnBuDtc\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>L\u2019azoto nelle acque proviene dal suolo<\/h5>\n<p>\u201cBecause the stable isotopic compositions of soil nitrate in the riparian zone during summer agreed well with those of the nitrate-enriched endmember of the stream nitrate increased during storm events&#8221;, says the study. &#8220;We concluded that the soil nitrate in the riparian zone was primarily responsible for the stream <strong>nitrate increase<\/strong> during storm events&#8221;.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Moreover, &#8220;the concentration of nitrate in the stream was <strong>almost constant<\/strong> during the storm events, implying that the source of <strong>nitrate in stream<\/strong> water during storm events was the nitrate stored in groundwater&#8221;. In other word, &#8220;the number of storm events have little impact on the index of nitrogen saturation.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The research then brought out another interesting detail. The scientists, in fact, found that the nitrogen-based compounds found in the riparian zone are produced by <strong>microorganisms<\/strong> living in the soil. &#8220;Microbe-derived nitrate is thought to be accumulated in soil in the riparian zone only in summer and autumn in Japan,&#8221; explained Professor <strong>Urumu Tsunogai<\/strong>, one of the researchers involved in the investigation. Understanding the seasonality of nitrate increase, he pointed out, could help ensure freshwater safety.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_21421\" style=\"width: 474px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21421\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21421\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eluzione-azoto.jpg\" alt=\"L'eluizione dei nitrati del suolo nel torrente prima degli eventi temporaleschi (a) e durante gli eventi temporaleschi (b). Il nitrato del suolo nella zona ripariale e quello nella zona montana sono rappresentati rispettivamente dai quadrati arancioni e verdi, mentre il nitrato del torrente durante il flusso di base \u00e8 rappresentato dai cerchi blu. Fonte: Biogeosciences, 19, 3247\u20133261, 2022 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bg-19-3247-2022 \u00a9 Ding et al. 2022. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License\" width=\"464\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eluzione-azoto.jpg 464w, https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/eluzione-azoto-227x300.jpg 227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 464px) 100vw, 464px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-21421\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The elution of soil nitrate to the stream before the storm events (a) and during the storm events (b). Soil nitrate in the riparian zone and that in the upland zone are represented by the orange squares and green squares, respectively, while stream nitrate during base flow is represented by the blue circles. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bg-19-3247-2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Biogeosciences<\/a>, 19, 3247\u20133261, 2022 \u00a9 Ding et al. 2022. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License<\/p><\/div>\n<h5>Counteracting pollution<\/h5>\n<p>Contrast to <strong>contamination<\/strong> obviously remains the most important goal. The research, in fact, highlights the central role played by nitrogen in the soil calling into question the issue of its <strong>depletion<\/strong> in cultivated areas.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Nitrogen remains an essential resource for agriculture. But at the same time, its <strong>excessive use<\/strong> causes its dispersion, thus generating contamination.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>It is therefore not surprising that researchers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.soils.org\/news\/science-news\/framework-sheds-light-nitrogen-loss-producing-common-food-items\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">have been stressing<\/a> for some time the need to promote sustainable use of the element by balancing its costs and benefits. The numbers, after all, justify some concern. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/card\/en\/c\/cb4894en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Assessment of Soil Pollution<\/a> report released last year by the <strong>FAO<\/strong>, in 2018 the Planet&#8217;s soils <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/fao-soil-pollution-network\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">absorbed<\/a> 109 million tons of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>During rainy periods soil nitrogen in the soil is channeled into rivers, contributing to their contamination, a research from Nagoya University has found. The investigation thus denies the theory of atmospheric origin of water pollution<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":21486,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[201,239,247,188,186],"class_list":["post-21482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-asia-en","tag-crops","tag-monitoraggio-en","tag-research","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Soil nitrogen is the one responsible for water pollution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Japanese study has warned about the role of soil nitrogen in water pollution and the overuse of fertilizers\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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