{"id":18772,"date":"2022-05-26T11:00:26","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T09:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/articles\/allarme-clima-croste-biologiche\/"},"modified":"2022-05-30T16:12:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-30T14:12:23","slug":"climate-change-biological-crusts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/environment\/climate-change-biological-crusts\/","title":{"rendered":"The world may lose biological crusts due to climate change"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Biological crusts are crucial to the survival of the soil and its ecosystem. But climate change now threatens to wipe them out, a study from Geological Survey has warned<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Biological soil crusts are commonly found in <strong>arid or semi-arid lands<\/strong> and are a valuable and underrated resource. That&#8221;s because of the amazing ecosystem they host: a diverse world that includes fungi, lichens and especially microbes, which <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/healty-soil-microbes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are known<\/a> to contribute crucially to soil balance, also through the production of nutrients such as carbon and <strong>nitrogen compounds<\/strong>. Essential elements for life&#8217;s development and preservation.<\/p>\n<p>The problem, however, is that even these environments-which cover <strong>12 percent of the landmass<\/strong>-are not immune to climate change. So much so that even their long-term survival is being questioned, as findings of a recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.2120975119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research<\/a> by the U.S. Geological Survey suggest.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Researchers report a link between the extent of soil lichen cover and increasing summer temperatures in the United States. In PNAS: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/JKDkTtTy1a\">https:\/\/t.co\/JKDkTtTy1a<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/ClimateChange?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateChange<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/dYvk2z64vp\">pic.twitter.com\/dYvk2z64vp<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&mdash; PNASNews (@PNASNews) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/PNASNews\/status\/1514710185356443662?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 14, 2022<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<h5>The observed soil has lost nearly three-quarters of its lichens<\/h5>\n<p>The work stems from an investigation started as far back as 1996 and conducted in Canyonlands National Park, Utah, with the goal of monitoring the spread of a particular plant, called cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and its effects on the soil, <em>Science<\/em> magazine <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/climate-change-killing-soil-organisms-critical-some-earth-s-ecosystems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recalls<\/a>. During the research, however, the scientists made an unexpected discovery: <strong>lichens<\/strong>, especially those capable of providing nitrogen to soils, were disappearing.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>These species, which covered <strong>19 percent of local biological crusts<\/strong> in the mid-1990s, now covered no more than 5 percent of the area.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;Results here suggest that warming may partially negate decades of protection from disturbance, with biocrust communities reaching a vital tipping point,&#8221; the authors <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1073\/pnas.2120975119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explain<\/a>. This widespread disappearance of lichens, they add, &#8220;could have <strong>long-term implications<\/strong> for global temperate dryland ecosystems.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"s1lVWJ5552\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-climate-fungi-soil\/\">Carbon keepers fungi are the soil secret weapon against climate change<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Carbon keepers fungi are the soil secret weapon against climate change&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/carbon-climate-fungi-soil\/embed\/#?secret=PCuPnH1OeU#?secret=s1lVWJ5552\" data-secret=\"s1lVWJ5552\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Biological crust is in danger of disappearing<\/h5>\n<p>One of the main consequences is increasing <strong>soil<\/strong> fragility. When biological crusts disappear, the magazine says, soils become drier and risk being washed away by <strong>erosion<\/strong>. If the canopy holds out but the lichens die, the reduced nitrogen availability will impact ecosystem life and the microbiome. Moreover, crusts act as a plug for the soil, preventing its dispersion into the air.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ground covers alone <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencenews.org\/article\/soil-biocrusts-reduce-global-dust-emissions-earth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are estimated<\/a> to prevent <strong>60 percent of potential dust emissions<\/strong>: 700 million tons.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Crust degradation, as mentioned, before does not only affect the observed land. In fact, according to U.S. scientists, the world is likely to lose <strong>25% to 40% of these surfaces<\/strong> by 2070.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"F14YtggdrH\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/sand-cellulose-china-desert\/\">China is fighting desertification by adding cellulose to sand<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;China is fighting desertification by adding cellulose to sand&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/sand-cellulose-china-desert\/embed\/#?secret=uZQhqVD7nN#?secret=F14YtggdrH\" data-secret=\"F14YtggdrH\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>The solution: tackle climate change<\/h5>\n<p>In recent years, says Science, researchers have begun testing some <strong>possible remedies<\/strong> such as growing the plant species that characterize scabs and then transplanting them to the most critical soils. Again according to the journal, these techniques have proven to be effective for algae and mosses, but ineffective for lichens.<\/p>\n<p>Consequently, the scientists conclude, the only effective strategy for countering the problem is provided by global action on <strong>climate mitigation<\/strong>. Only energy transition, in other words, will make it possible to preserve crusts, their ecosystem and soil health in endangered areas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biological crusts are crucial to the survival of the soil and its ecosystem. But climate change now threatens to wipe them out, a study from Geological Survey has warned<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":18776,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[144,134],"tags":[200,187,222,204,188,186,163],"class_list":["post-18772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environment","category-articles","tag-biodiversity","tag-climate","tag-desertification","tag-ecosystems","tag-research","tag-soil","tag-usa-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The world may lose biological crusts due to climate change<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"U.S. Geological Survey warns: by 2070 the world could lose 40 percent of these crucial surfaces for soil balance\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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