{"id":17855,"date":"2022-04-21T11:00:59","date_gmt":"2022-04-21T09:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/?p=17855"},"modified":"2022-04-22T11:46:56","modified_gmt":"2022-04-22T09:46:56","slug":"ukraine-russia-black-soil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/agricultural-industry\/ukraine-russia-black-soil\/","title":{"rendered":"War and climate change threaten Ukraine&#8217;s &#8216;magic&#8217; soil"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Standing behind Ukraine&#8217;s legendary agricultural wealth is the <em>\u010dernoz\u00ebm<\/em>, an exceptionally fertile soil covering two-thirds of the country&#8217;s arable land. But war and climate change are undermining the crops<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">by Matteo Cavallito<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the priceless human cost it has generated, the Russian invasion of <strong>Ukraine<\/strong> has been causing justifiable fear from an economic perspective. Observers, in fact, are paying attention to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/europe\/20220317-war-in-ukraine-sparks-concerns-over-worldwide-food-shortages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the fallout<\/a> on the exports of food commodities such as wheat, corn and cereals, which are the main source of the Earth&#8217;s diet and whose <strong>price<\/strong> has soared due to the decline of supplies from Kiev.<\/p>\n<p>Nothing to be surprised about. The weight of Ukraine in the global market for these products is well known. Less well known, perhaps, is the importance of a peculiar factor that characterizes the country&#8217;s agricultural industry: an <strong>extraordinarily fertile<\/strong> soil.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"hh9EEk8uHO\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crea-emissions-soil\/\">More fertility, less emissions. A new project will identify the best mix for soil and climate<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;More fertility, less emissions. A new project will identify the best mix for soil and climate&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/crea-emissions-soil\/embed\/#?secret=mZbxXPq17f#?secret=hh9EEk8uHO\" data-secret=\"hh9EEk8uHO\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Ukraine&#8217;s black gold<\/h5>\n<p>The secret of fertility is called <strong><em>\u010dernoz\u00ebm<\/em><\/strong>, a humus-rich black soil that covers more than 65 percent of the country&#8217;s arable land, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trtworld.com\/magazine\/what-s-so-special-about-ukraine-s-black-soil-56186\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new analysis<\/a> by Turkish public broadcaster TRT notes. This particular soil has attracted the attention of scientists <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/20723789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since the 19th century<\/a>. In a paper published in 1866, Austrian scientist Franz Joseph Ruprecht first revealed that its organic matter consisted of decomposed steppe grasses.<\/p>\n<p>According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/Chernozem-FAO-soil-group\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FAO estimates<\/a>, black soil is present on <strong>1.8% of the planet&#8217;s land surface<\/strong>. The highest concentrations are found in Eastern Europe, in North American prairies, in Argentina and in Asian steppes. <a href=\"https:\/\/soilbiotics.com\/media\/Agriculture_in_Ukraine_by_Argus.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Almost a quarter<\/a> of the global \u010dernoz\u00ebm is located in Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Infographic: Why the War in Ukraine Threatens Global Food Security | Statista\" href=\"https:\/\/www.statista.com\/chart\/27225\/russian-and-ukrainian-share-of-global-crop-exports\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" style=\"width: 100%; height: auto !important; max-width: 960px; -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.statcdn.com\/Infographic\/images\/normal\/27225.jpeg\" alt=\"Infographic: Why the War in Ukraine Threatens Global Food Security | Statista\" width=\"100%\" height=\"auto\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h5>From record high to downturn<\/h5>\n<p>&#8220;What\u2019s special about Ukraine is that it produces more than it needs to meet domestic demand, leaving a surplus of goods that can be sold on the international market,&#8221; TRT says. It is no coincidence that in 2019 the country <a href=\"https:\/\/www.themoscowtimes.com\/2019\/07\/02\/ukraine-takes-worlds-largest-grain-exporter-title-from-russia-a66250\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overtook Russia<\/a> to become the world&#8217;s leading exporter of wheat with <strong>almost 50 million tons<\/strong> sold in the market. At that time, the country reported a total harvest of 70 million tons.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Estimates for 2022, however, are worrisome. This year, as Reuters <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/exclusive-ukraine-2022-spring-crop-sowing-area-could-be-halved-minister-2022-03-22\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has reported<\/a> in recent weeks, the country may be able to sow <strong>just 7 million hectares<\/strong>, less than half of the 15 million planned before the invasion.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Ukraine, Agriculture Minister Roman Leshchenko said, can rely on significant stocks of corn whose estimated production has been heavily adjusted downward (the country is expected to sow <strong>3.3 million hectares<\/strong> compared to 5.4 in 2021). But it is unlikely that the reserves will compensate for the exports drop.<\/p>\n<div class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"booUJpBACs\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-war-nigeria\/\">From climate change to demography. How the soil war is devastating Nigeria<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;From climate change to demography. How the soil war is devastating Nigeria&#8221; &#8212; Re Soil Foundation\" src=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/soil-war-nigeria\/embed\/#?secret=3C6wZxyTL4#?secret=booUJpBACs\" data-secret=\"booUJpBACs\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h5>Climate change threatens Ukrainia soil<\/h5>\n<p>However, it&#8217;s not just war that threatens the future of Ukrainian agriculture. The country, in fact, is experiencing widespread <strong>soil erosion<\/strong>. &#8220;It is estimated that over 500 million tonnes of soil are eroded annually from arable land in Ukraine, resulting in a <strong>loss of fertility<\/strong> in over 32 million hectares of soil,&#8221; the World Bank <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2014\/12\/05\/ukraine-soil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said<\/a>. In addition, the effects of climate change is also affecting soil, expecially in the southern regions that produce 50% of the country&#8217;s wheat.<\/p>\n<p>Last year, Kiev&#8217;s Environment Ministry <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agroberichtenbuitenland.nl\/documenten\/publicaties\/2021\/06\/17\/ukraine-soil-degradation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">raised the alarm<\/a> on desertification risk. The ministry estimates that <strong>sandstorms<\/strong> now affect 20 million hectares of land. On the other hand, 13 million hectares are affected by <strong>hydrogeological<\/strong> instability and over 6 million hectares are damaged by the effects of wind.<\/p>\n<p>The World Bank has recommended the application of the so-called <a href=\"https:\/\/resoilfoundation.org\/en\/articles\/smart-agriculture-congo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Smart Agriculture<\/a>. A set of practices that can protect agricultural activities by counteracting the effects of climate change. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/feature\/2014\/12\/05\/ukraine-soil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calculations<\/a>, dating back to 2014, the use of regenerative agriculture on 17 million hectares of land in Ukraine could generate revenues of <strong>$4.4 billion<\/strong>, about a third of the value of the national agricultural production.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Standing behind Ukraine&#8217;s legendary agricultural wealth is the \u010dernoz\u00ebm, an exceptionally fertile soil covering two-thirds of the country&#8217;s arable land. But war and climate change are undermining the crops<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158,134],"tags":[190,187,222,224,221,223,186],"class_list":["post-17855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agricultural-industry","category-articles","tag-agriculture","tag-climate","tag-desertification","tag-erosion","tag-food","tag-hydrogeological-instability","tag-soil"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>War and climate change threaten Ukraine&#039;s &#039;magic&#039; soil<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ukraine is home to a quarter of the global \u010dernoz\u00ebm, a hyper-fertile soil that provides high yields. 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